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JACC:肝病患者口服抗凝药有讲究

2018-06-19 吴星 环球医学

2018年5月,美国研究者在《J Am Coll Cardiol》发表了一项综述,考察了肝病患者口服抗凝药的使用情况。

2018年5月,美国研究者在《J Am Coll Cardiol》发表了一项综述,考察了肝病患者口服抗凝药的使用情况。

肝病患者出现血栓和出血并发症的风险增加。许多具有房颤(AF)或静脉血栓栓塞(VTE)的患者需要使用口服抗凝药(OACs)。最近的证据与“肝病患者可以自体抗凝并因此能防止血栓事件”的假设相左。华法林和非维生素K拮抗剂OACs已经表现出可安全降低AF或VTE患者的血栓事件。然而,肝病患者大部分都被排除在OACs试验之外。由于目前所有获批的OACs都经肝脏代谢,因此肝功能异常可能导致出血增加。因此,AF或VTE合并肝病患者的最佳抗凝策略仍然未知。本综述讨论了肝病患者中OACs的药代动力学和评估其有效性和安全性的临床研究,并提供了实用且面向临床的方法来管理该人群的OAC治疗。

肝病患者OACs的处方模式推荐:目前基于随机对照研究的稳健证据相对缺乏,因此,在肝病患者中,临床医生应依据说明书或指南中的推荐来处方OACs。首先应基于传统风险分层与评估工具,如CHA2DS2-VASc评分来识别哪些患者应该使用OAC。在已确诊肝病或有肝病风险的患者中,在给药前,应进行肝功能检查、血小板计数检查和凝血相应检查,同时在治疗期间应持续监测。患者如有严重血小板减少(血小板计数在50000至70000/μl),应避免使用抗凝治疗。应充分告知患者可能出现的风险和获益,同时患者应尽量参与到抗凝药物选择的决策中来。对于近期出现大出血并发症的患者,抗凝决策应个体化。

在大多数轻度肝损伤患者(C-P分级为A级)中,尽管华法林是传统的治疗方案,但新型口服抗凝药也被认为是替代方案之一,其特点是不需要调整剂量。对于中度肝损伤的患者(C-P分级为B级),当患者不适用于华法林时,可考虑慎用阿哌沙班、达比加群酯或依度沙班。对于重度肝损伤的患者(C-P分级为C级),华法林是唯一推荐的药物。应早期进行多学科团队合作,与心脏专科医师、消化科或肝脏病科医师以及血液科医师共同合作,进行肝病患者的OACs的给药方案优化。

原始出处:

Sean Pokorney, Elaine Hylek, Christopher Granger, et al. PROVIDER- AND HOSPITAL-LEVEL VARIATION IN ORAL ANTICOAGULANT USE FOR STROKE PREVENTION IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION. Journal of the American College of Cardiology.Volume 71, Issue 11 Supplement, March 2018. DOI: 10.1016/S0735-1097(18)30821-0.

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    2019-03-14 hbwxf
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