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尿检也能查CT/NG!NAATs技术保障女性生殖健康

2018-12-07 佚名 中国医学论坛报

近日,在第十一届中华女性生殖道感染峰会“白云会”期间,清华长庚医院妇产科主任廖秦平教授、首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院妇科主任刘朝晖教授及中南大学湘雅三医院妇产科主任薛敏教授针对临床常见的沙眼衣原体(CT)、淋病奈瑟菌(NG)感染及其并发症防治问题展开了积极讨论。

近日,在第十一届中华女性生殖感染峰会“白云会”期间,清华长庚医院妇产科主任廖秦平教授、首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院妇科主任刘朝晖教授及中南大学湘雅三医院妇产科主任薛敏教授针对临床常见的沙眼衣原体(CT)、淋病奈瑟菌(NG)感染及其并发症防治问题展开了积极讨论。

会议主席廖秦平教授指出:“无论是妇科还是产科,CT和NG感染一直都是我们需要关注的重要问题。常见的宫颈炎、盆腔炎、输卵管性不孕、早产、流产等,都可能与CT/NG感染有关。但现在临床对CT/NG的重视程度还不够,例如对盆腔炎患者、不孕症的患者、孕早期流产和胎停育的感染高危孕妇常常没有进行CT/NG筛查。在临床实际工作中普遍存在对此认知和普及不足的问题。”


清华长庚医院妇产科主任廖秦平教授

刘朝晖教授表示:“CT/NG感染若不及时治疗可能对女性生殖健康造成严重的不良影响。然而,约50%~70%的感染者没有明显临床症状,这对CT/NG的防治工作带来了极大的挑战。除了对公众进行健康宣传教育、提高主动检测意识等行为干预外,对高危人群进行筛查、提高临床诊疗水平对实现CT/NG感染防控意义重大。”


首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院妇科主任刘朝晖教授

CT/NG感染常见但隐匿,影响女性整个生殖周期

CT与NG分别是全球引起性传播疾病第一和第二位的病原体,CT/NG的感染大多呈隐性感染,往往难以引起重视,也更容易造成进一步传播。在我国,健康人群中CT/NG感染率较高,且多发于性活跃的中青年育龄人群。2017年一项纳入9,207名社区人群(平均年龄40.12±1.38岁)的研究发现,CT感染率达到4.12%,其中,20~24岁年龄段人群感染率高达6.59%。CT/NG感染对女性整个生殖周期都有影响,从下生殖道的宫颈感染、盆腔炎症性疾病到不孕、孕期不良妊娠结局等。

CT/NG感染是导致盆腔炎症性疾病(PID)的最常见病因。PID是女性上生殖道感染引起的一组疾病,包括子宫内膜炎、输卵管炎、输卵管卵巢脓肿和盆腔腹膜炎等,PID诊疗延误可能导致输卵管病变、盆腔粘连、慢性盆腔痛、输卵管性不孕和异位妊娠等后遗症。持续、重复感染还可能导致不良妊娠和母婴垂直传播,或将引发新生儿结膜炎、肺炎等疾病。



在我国,输卵管性不孕(TFI)占不孕因素的25~35%。研究显示:未经治疗的CT感染会导致30%的女性患上PID,其中20%会发生不孕。发生1次轻度、中度、重度PID后,TFI的发生率分别为 0.6%、6.2%、21.4%;发生1次、2次、≥3次PID后,TFI发生率分别为8.0%、19.5%、40.0%。CT感染所造成的无症状静止性PID也与TFI有关,其对输卵管上皮结构、纤毛功能的损害、以及周围粘连情况,与显性急性CT性PID完全一致,50% TFI不孕患者并没有明显PID病史,但输卵管仍存在瘢痕病变。

CT/NG感染是PID的一个重要患病因素,对女性不孕症的防治以及优生优育是一大威胁,精准诊断对于PID的后续治疗、预后评估具有重要意义。因此,建议PID患者在初始治疗前进行CT/NG筛查,先明确病因再进行治疗,阳性患者4~6周后进行复查。

CT/NG感染与输卵管阻塞关系密切,是造成不孕不育的主要原因。《不孕不育病因初筛临床诊疗指南》将CT/NG作为不孕初筛女方的必查项目,CT为不育初筛男方必查项目。不孕患者往往会借助辅助生殖技术(ART)改善生育状况,而CT/NG感染可能导致患者ART失败率升高。一项纳入1,802例体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF/ICSI-ET)术前患者的研究显示,CT阳性患者的优质胚胎率、种植率、临床妊娠率均明显低于CT阴性患者。因此,建议ART术前筛查CT/NG,感染者治愈后再进行胚胎移植,对存在盆腔感染潜在因素的不孕症患者术前使用抗生素,避免术后感染并发症的发生。

根据文献报道,孕妇宫颈CT阳性率为12.7%~23.2%,占孕期性传播性疾病首位,CT感染与早产及复发性流产密切相关;同时,妊娠合并NG感染发病率达0.5~5%。

生殖道感染患者的不良妊娠结局发生率显着高于非感染患者,对感染进行治疗可以降低不良妊娠结局发生率。《复发性流产诊治的专家共识》指出,对于有生殖道感染病史的患者,CT/NG应作为孕前的常规筛查项目。《孕前和孕期保健指南(2018)》推荐在孕前及孕期第一次检查(孕6~13周)进行CT/NG检查。

此外,人工流产时CT/NG的存在会增加流产后发生输卵管炎和子宫内膜炎的风险,对今后的生育能力造成隐患。因此,在流产前需进行CT/NG筛查,对阳性者患者进行治疗,治愈后再进行手术。

重视CT/NG检测,尿检方法助力提升防治水平

薛敏教授指出:“目前,我国临床对CT/NG感染认识不足,这和实验室检测资源匮乏,检测方法敏感性不高导致检出率偏低有关。随着分子生物学技术的不断发展,CT/NG检测方法取得了长足的进步,这对于提高临床诊疗水平起到非常重要的积极作用。”


中南大学湘雅三医院妇产科主任薛敏教授

传统的CT/NG检测方法是培养法、抗原检测等,其中培养法操作复杂,开展难度较大,而抗原检测法敏感度及特异性均较低,难以满足诊断需求。目前,基于无创伤性方式采集标本的核酸扩增试验(NAATs)已成为广泛推荐的检测手段。中华医学会妇产科学分会感染学组2015年发布的《女性生殖道CT感染诊治共识》指出:NAATs是目前诊断CT感染敏感度和特异性最高的方法。2015年美国疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)发布的PID诊治规范指出:对所有PID患者需要使用NAATs检查CT/NG。

廖秦平教授总结道:“CT/NG感染对女性整个生殖周期都有影响。对育龄期人群,尤其是不孕和孕早期女性应进行CT/NG筛查。与传统检测方法相比,NAATs检测具有灵敏度高、特异性强、有效简化检测流程且保证精确性的特性,尤其还可以检测尿液样本,这种非侵入式取样方法方便快捷,更容易被男女双方患者所接受,极大地推动了CT/NG感染的广泛筛查。”

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    2019-05-26 bnurmamat
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2068250, encodeId=70872068250cb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e94b298327' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ATS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2983, encryptionId=e94b298327, topicName=ATS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d7532500500, createdName=12499e01m47暂无昵称, createdTime=Mon Dec 10 22:17:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2040360, encodeId=08a42040360fa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=76fb12468f2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NAATs#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12468, encryptionId=76fb12468f2, topicName=NAATs)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, 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replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Fri Dec 07 07:14:59 CST 2018, time=2018-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354714, encodeId=97b2354e1446, content=学习了新知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Fri Dec 07 07:14:55 CST 2018, time=2018-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354713, encodeId=85d9354e1316, content=学习了长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, 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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2068250, encodeId=70872068250cb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e94b298327' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ATS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2983, encryptionId=e94b298327, topicName=ATS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d7532500500, createdName=12499e01m47暂无昵称, createdTime=Mon Dec 10 22:17:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2040360, encodeId=08a42040360fa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=76fb12468f2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NAATs#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12468, encryptionId=76fb12468f2, topicName=NAATs)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, 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replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Fri Dec 07 07:14:59 CST 2018, time=2018-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354714, encodeId=97b2354e1446, content=学习了新知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Fri Dec 07 07:14:55 CST 2018, time=2018-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354713, encodeId=85d9354e1316, content=学习了长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Fri Dec 07 07:14:51 CST 2018, time=2018-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354712, encodeId=d974354e12e0, content=学习了新知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Fri Dec 07 07:14:47 CST 2018, time=2018-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354711, encodeId=d64b354e11ba, content=学习了长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Fri Dec 07 07:14:43 CST 2018, time=2018-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2068250, encodeId=70872068250cb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e94b298327' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ATS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2983, encryptionId=e94b298327, topicName=ATS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d7532500500, createdName=12499e01m47暂无昵称, createdTime=Mon Dec 10 22:17:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2040360, encodeId=08a42040360fa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=76fb12468f2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NAATs#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12468, encryptionId=76fb12468f2, topicName=NAATs)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fc0372, createdName=bnurmamat, createdTime=Sun May 26 12:17:00 CST 2019, time=2019-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1531903, encodeId=844a153190376, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0579446550d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#女性生殖#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=44655, encryptionId=0579446550d, topicName=女性生殖)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=39cc12287476, createdName=slcumt, createdTime=Sat Dec 08 18:17:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1511529, encodeId=1522151152952, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a2724e42925' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#尿检#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, 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replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Fri Dec 07 07:14:59 CST 2018, time=2018-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354714, encodeId=97b2354e1446, content=学习了新知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Fri Dec 07 07:14:55 CST 2018, time=2018-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354713, encodeId=85d9354e1316, content=学习了长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, 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beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Fri Dec 07 07:14:43 CST 2018, time=2018-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2068250, encodeId=70872068250cb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e94b298327' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ATS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2983, encryptionId=e94b298327, topicName=ATS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d7532500500, createdName=12499e01m47暂无昵称, createdTime=Mon Dec 10 22:17:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2040360, encodeId=08a42040360fa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=76fb12468f2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NAATs#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12468, encryptionId=76fb12468f2, topicName=NAATs)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, 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beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Fri Dec 07 07:14:43 CST 2018, time=2018-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-12-07 Y—xianghai

    学习了长知识

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2068250, encodeId=70872068250cb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e94b298327' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ATS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2983, encryptionId=e94b298327, topicName=ATS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d7532500500, createdName=12499e01m47暂无昵称, createdTime=Mon Dec 10 22:17:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2040360, encodeId=08a42040360fa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=76fb12468f2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NAATs#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12468, encryptionId=76fb12468f2, topicName=NAATs)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, 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replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Fri Dec 07 07:14:59 CST 2018, time=2018-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354714, encodeId=97b2354e1446, content=学习了新知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Fri Dec 07 07:14:55 CST 2018, time=2018-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354713, encodeId=85d9354e1316, content=学习了长知识, beContent=null, objectType=article, 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beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Fri Dec 07 07:14:43 CST 2018, time=2018-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-12-07 Y—xianghai

    学习了新知识

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2068250, encodeId=70872068250cb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e94b298327' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ATS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2983, encryptionId=e94b298327, topicName=ATS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d7532500500, createdName=12499e01m47暂无昵称, createdTime=Mon Dec 10 22:17:00 CST 2018, time=2018-12-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2040360, encodeId=08a42040360fa, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=76fb12468f2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NAATs#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12468, encryptionId=76fb12468f2, topicName=NAATs)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, 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beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Fri Dec 07 07:14:43 CST 2018, time=2018-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-12-07 Y—xianghai

    学习了长知识

    0

  9. 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beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=111, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201006/4db877c2887649beb09cb5effd0b38c7/916f66edd48a4e77b20ebc3e14b6e45c.jpg, createdBy=141e1980133, createdName=Y—xianghai, createdTime=Fri Dec 07 07:14:43 CST 2018, time=2018-12-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-12-07 Y—xianghai

    学习了新知识

    0

  10. 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    2018-12-07 Y—xianghai

    学习了长知识

    0

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