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Cell Chem Biol:太神了!抗生素竟可治疗黑色素瘤!

2018-10-11 Michael,Zoe 转化医学网

寻找解决这些最“难缠”肿瘤细胞的方法对于整个肿瘤防治过程来说均至关重要。研究人员此前表明,在黑色素瘤中最为“难缠”的细胞——最容易产生抗药性的细胞中会产生异常水平的全脱氢酶1(ALDH1)。

黑色素瘤是一种从黑素细胞发展而来的皮肤癌。 它是年轻人的最常见肿瘤之一,其约占所有皮肤癌的1%。在美国,每年约有超过90,000个黑色素瘤新病例出现。但令人担忧的是,过去30年来黑色素瘤的发病率一直在缓慢攀升,但相应的治疗手段却越来越难以应付目前的临床需求。同时,黑色素瘤本身还可对现有的治疗手段产生抗性,使临床医生对于该疾病更加束手无策。为此,各国研究者都在从不同的角度进行相关的研究,近日来自Edinburgh大学的E. Elizabeth Patton教授率领的研究团队发现现存的抗生素或可协助黑色素瘤的治疗,其最新的研究成果发表于最新的《Cell Chemical Biology》杂志。

挑战“难缠”的毒瘤——黑色素瘤

在黑色素瘤中,由于本身的肿瘤细胞存在差异性,一些患者对现有的癌症治疗非常敏感,例如BRAF和MEK抑制剂,而另一些患者则很快就会对这些药物产生抗药性,从而导致肿瘤的进一步生长于扩散。

寻找解决这些最“难缠”肿瘤细胞的方法对于整个肿瘤防治过程来说均至关重要。研究人员此前表明,在黑色素瘤中最为“难缠”的细胞——最容易产生抗药性的细胞中会产生异常水平的全脱氢酶1(ALDH1)。

因此研究人员以此为出发点,寻求阻断ALDH1产生的方法。通过这项研究,研究人员可追踪并清除这些分泌高水平ALDH1的细胞。

来自英国爱丁堡大学医学研究委员会遗传与分子医学研究所的研究团队将注意力转向了现有抗生素——nifuroxazide。 这种抗生素在20世纪60年代获得专利,其通常用于治疗结肠炎和腹泻。

旧药,新策略

研究小组将人类黑色素瘤样本植入小鼠体内,然后用nifuroxazide治疗。正如研究者所预期的那样,抗生素选择性地杀死了那些产生高水平ALDH1的肿瘤细胞,同时还但不损伤机体其他类型的肿瘤细胞。

紧接着,他们用标准的抗癌药物BRAF和MEK抑制剂对肿瘤小鼠进行治疗,这样诱导出可产生更高水平的ALDH1的细胞,同时这些经标准治疗诱导的肿瘤细胞对nifuroxazide却特别敏感。因此,当联合应用Nifuroxazide以及BRAF和MEK抑制剂时,便可清除包括可产生抗性的肿瘤细胞在内的所有癌细胞。

Patton教授表示,“没有所谓的神药一说,用一种药物便可杀死所有癌细胞全无可能,因此我们必须进行联合治疗。当黑色素瘤患者在接受BRAF或MEK药物治疗时,可能会导致肿瘤内产生更多具有高水平ALDH的癌细胞,所以我们认为这是一个非常重要的靶向目标。

我们先前的研究已经证明,这种主要用于靶向肠道细菌的抗生素可以靶向并杀死ALDH1酶高的癌细胞,因此在接下来的实验中,我们的研究团队研究了这种抗生素与标准的抗癌药物联合用药的疗效”。

前景大好,但应用于临床尚需时日

Nifuroxazide是一种很好用的药物,但将其应用于临床抗黑色素瘤的治疗中仍存有很多障碍。Patton教授表示,“这种抗生素最初被批准用于人类肠炎的治疗,但它本身并不是作为一种抗癌药物而设计,因此我们仍然需要找出它对人类肿瘤治疗是否安全有效。

例如应该应用多大的剂量才能既保证患者本身的安全又能杀死肿瘤细胞呢?为此,我们可能需要了解该药抗癌的潜在作用机制,进而重新设计这种药物,使其更好地杀死肿瘤细胞”。

医学研究委员会的Nathan Richardson博士对研究的应用前景感到非常兴奋。他说,“这项富有想象力的研究利用了一些癌细胞对现有抗生素的敏感性,并且可通过联合用药或靶向用药特异性杀灭那些“难缠”的肿瘤细胞”。

肿瘤的耐药性是目前许多癌症治疗中的主要障碍,因此这项研究本身也给各国研究者对于耐药性肿瘤药物的研发很好的启示作用。

原始出处:Sarvi S1, Crispin R2, Lu Y1, et al. ALDH1 Bio-activates Nifuroxazide to Eradicate ALDHHigh Melanoma-Initiating Cells. Cell Chem Biol. 2018 Sep 25. 

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href='/topic/show?id=e27610332666' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#黑色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103326, encryptionId=e27610332666, topicName=黑色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=150614999302, createdName=cqlidoudou, createdTime=Fri Oct 12 17:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=348858, encodeId=09fa3488582d, content=嗯嗯,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/07/16/3b24606172648eea459125cb74754afe.jpg, createdBy=6c022216608, createdName=liumin1987, createdTime=Thu Oct 11 08:55:17 CST 2018, time=2018-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=348834, encodeId=a0c9348834a6, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Thu Oct 11 07:30:26 CST 2018, time=2018-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. 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href='/topic/show?id=e27610332666' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#黑色素#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103326, encryptionId=e27610332666, topicName=黑色素)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=150614999302, createdName=cqlidoudou, createdTime=Fri Oct 12 17:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=348858, encodeId=09fa3488582d, content=嗯嗯,学习了。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/07/16/3b24606172648eea459125cb74754afe.jpg, createdBy=6c022216608, createdName=liumin1987, createdTime=Thu Oct 11 08:55:17 CST 2018, time=2018-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=348834, encodeId=a0c9348834a6, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Thu Oct 11 07:30:26 CST 2018, time=2018-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-04-04 sunylz
  5. 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GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=348834, encodeId=a0c9348834a6, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Thu Oct 11 07:30:26 CST 2018, time=2018-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-10-14 laoli

    学习了,谢谢分享!

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1961188, encodeId=aa0e19611880f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3ff68, createdName=维他命, createdTime=Thu Jul 25 07:15:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1767522, encodeId=ec0c1e67522a5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=64f5343e2f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Biol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3437, encryptionId=64f5343e2f, topicName=Biol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=446937890434, 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GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=348834, encodeId=a0c9348834a6, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Thu Oct 11 07:30:26 CST 2018, time=2018-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-06 sunylz
  7. 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  8. 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  9. 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    2018-10-11 liumin1987

    嗯嗯,学习了。

    0

  10. 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GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=348834, encodeId=a0c9348834a6, content=学习了谢谢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTLbTp9nZtjwVrSZNxAXbAicnKQWnic2eBdJUQYhxO36XdkstSicr7FVF8p5ReH4omtmsbnLdvZLiaJJ1A/132, createdBy=8bff2327056, createdName=kafei, createdTime=Thu Oct 11 07:30:26 CST 2018, time=2018-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-10-11 kafei

    学习了谢谢

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