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JAMA Network Open:新冠疫情为何难防控?北大研究显示,高达40%的新冠感染者无症状

2021-12-29 “生物世界”公众号 “生物世界”公众号

2021年12月23日零点,西安市按下了暂停键,全市所有小区、单位实行封闭管理,所有居民非必要不外出。12月25日、26日,西安连续两天单日新增确诊病例超过150例。

2021年12月23日零点,西安市按下了暂停键,全市所有小区、单位实行封闭管理,所有居民非必要不外出。12月25日、26日,西安连续两天单日新增确诊病例超过150例。而西安召开的新闻发布会提到,接下来几天的核酸检测还可能会报告较多的新增病例。

在我国如此严格的疫情防控之下,仍不时有小规模疫情出现,这也让我们认识到了新冠疫情防控的不容易。

疫情爆发之初,新冠感染者往往出现发烧、头痛、呼吸困难等症状,随着时间的进行,无症状感染者的比例显着增加,这无疑加大了新冠疫情防控的难度。确定当前无症状感染者在新冠感染者中的比例,对于疫情的防控具有重要意义。

近日,北京大学公共卫生学院刘民教授团队在 JAMA 子刊 JAMA Network Open 发表了题为:Global Percentage of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among the Tested Population and Individuals With Confirmed COVID-19 Diagnosis:A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis 的论文。

研究团队通过对95篇涉及新冠无症状感染者比例的论文(这些论文涉及月3000万人)的分析,发现新冠感染者中的无症状感染者的比例可能超过40%。

无症状感染者,是指核酸检测呈阳性,也就是感染了新冠病毒,但他们没有表现出响应的症状,更重要的是,无症状感染者同样能够传播新冠给他人,而且由于无症状,他们传播的可能性往往更大。

为了进一步确认新冠无症状感染者的比例,刘民团队首先找到了2860篇涉及新冠无症状感染者的论文,然后从中筛选出95篇涉及无症状感染者比例的论文,这些论文涉及29776306人。这95篇论文中,有18篇论文的研究对象全部为无症状感染者。

通过对这95篇论文的进一步分析,研究团队发现,总计29776306人接受核酸检测,其中无症状感染者为11516人,占接受检测的总人数的0.25%。其中,在疗养院中人群的无症状感染者比例达4.52%,航空或邮轮旅客的无症状感染者比例为2.02%,孕妇的无症状感染者比例为2.34%。

研究团队进一步分析了感染者中无症状的比例,这95篇论文中有18篇只研究无症状感染者,因此,研究团队去除了这18篇论文,对其余77篇论文进行进一步分析,这77篇论文中,共有19884人经核酸检测确认感染新冠,其中11069人为无症状感染者,无症状感染者的比例高达40.50%。在感染者中,孕妇的无症状比例最高,达54.11%,航空或邮轮旅客为52.91%,疗养院中的人为47.53%。

得益于严格的疫情管控,我国很早就较好地控制了疫情的发展,而境外新冠疫情仍在蔓延,因此我国面临很大的境外输入压力。这项研究显示,航空和游轮旅客的确诊患者中无症状感染者的比例很高,超过了50%,这也提醒了我们,对于从境外进行国内的人员,有必要进行核酸检测和隔离,这对于防止社区传播非常重要。

总的来说,这项大规模统计分析表明,在接受检测的人群中,无症状感染比例为0.25%,在新冠确诊人群中,无症状感染者比例高达40.50%。这凸显了新冠疫情的防控之难,也凸显出现疫情时进行全面核酸筛查的必要性。

无症状感染者同样携带新冠病毒,且病毒载量与有症状感染者相当,而且由于无症状,往往发现更晚,传播风险更大。因此,对于无症状感染者,要与有症状感染者进行一样的隔离和密切接触者追踪。

 

原始出处:

Qiuyue Ma,et al. Global Percentage of Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infections Among the Tested Population and Individuals With Confirmed COVID-19 Diagnosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(12):e2137257.

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    2022-05-13 canlab
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    2022-10-31 feather89
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    2021-12-29 lemo003

    0

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    2021-12-29 范云

    更新知识。

    0

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