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JAMA Oncol:降低乙肝患者的肝癌风险 替诺福韦or恩替卡韦更给力?

2019-02-27 王淳 环球医学

慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)是肝细胞癌(HCC)和肝硬化最重要的元凶之一,阻止或延缓HCC和肝硬化的发生,则是CHB最重要的治疗目的。2018年9月,韩国学者发表在《JAMA Oncol》的一项韩国全国队列研究,比较了恩替卡韦与替诺福韦降低慢性乙肝患者的肝细胞癌和肝硬化风险的效果。

慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)是肝细胞癌(HCC)和肝硬化最重要的元凶之一,阻止或延缓HCC和肝硬化的发生,则是CHB最重要的治疗目的。2018年9月,韩国学者发表在《JAMA Oncol》的一项韩国全国队列研究,比较了恩替卡韦与替诺福韦降低慢性乙肝患者的肝细胞癌和肝硬化风险的效果。

替诺福韦pk恩替卡韦 替代终点相当但临床结局未知

CHB感染是最常见的慢性病感染,全球约有2.5亿人携带乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)。乙肝病毒感染导致了约45%的HCC病例和30%的肝硬化病例,每年造成近100万人死亡。

目前在全球范围内已经达成共识,乙肝治疗的目标是减轻肝脏细胞炎性坏死及肝纤维化,减少肝功能衰竭等其他并发症发生。但要实现以上的目标,就必须长期抑制乙肝病毒的复制,所以首先推荐不易产生耐药性的核苷(酸)类似物(替诺福韦和恩替卡韦)作为乙肝的一线用药。

在CHB患者中,恩替卡韦和富马酸替诺福韦酯在实现替代终点上有效性相当,包括病毒学应答,且二者同被推荐为一线治疗。然而,这两种药物对临床结局是否同样等效,尚不清楚,尤其是HCC的进展。

队列研究结果:替诺福韦降低HCC风险更给力

韩国学者进行的这项全国性队列研究,比较了CHB感染患者中,恩替卡韦和替诺福韦的HCC与死亡或肝移植的风险。

该研究使用了韩国国民健康保险服务数据库的数据,纳入了未经治的成年CHB患者。这些患者于2012年1月1日~2014年12月31日期间初始接受恩替卡韦(n?=?11464)或富马酸替诺福韦酯(n?=?12692人)治疗。为了进行验证,分析了2010年1月1日~2016年12月31日在三级转诊中心接受恩替卡韦(1560人)或替诺福韦(1141人)的CHB医院患者队列。

提取2010年1月1日~2016年12月31日的全国队列数据,以及2010年1月1日~2017年10月31日的医院队列数据。

主要结局指标为HCC的累积发病率、死亡率和移植率。

24156人的人群队列,平均(SD)年龄为48.9(9.8)岁,男性15120人(62.6%)。2701人的医院队列,平均(SD)年龄为48.8(10.5)岁,男性1657人(61.3%)。

研究结果显示,人群队列中,替诺福韦组(0.64/100人-年[PY])的HCC年发病率显着低于恩替卡韦组(1.06/100人-年)。

多变量调整分析中,与恩替卡韦相比,替诺福韦治疗与HCC(风险比[HR],0.61;95% CI,0.54~0.70)和全因死亡率或移植风险(HR,0.77;95% CI,0.65~0.92)显着较低相关。

在10923对倾向得分匹配的人群队列(HR,0.62;95% CI,0.54~0.70)和869对倾向得分匹配医院队列(HR,0.68;95% CI,0.46~0.99)中,与恩替卡韦相比,替诺福韦组的HCC风险也显着较低。

本研究表明,在基于人群的CHB成年患者队列中,与恩替卡韦治疗相比,替诺福韦治疗与HCC风险显着较低相关;这一结果在医院队列中得到了验证。

鉴于HCC患者的预后较差,该研究结果对于CHB感染患者预防HCC具有重大的临床意义。

替诺福韦降低HCC风险更给力 背后机制有待探讨

目前美国、欧洲和亚太地区的慢性乙肝临床指南,都未表明恩替卡韦和替诺福韦孰优孰劣。然而,鉴于大多数CHB患者需要长期治疗,对恩替卡韦和替诺福韦的有效性和安全性进行比较,极其重要。

该研究发现,与恩替卡韦相比,替诺福韦与肝癌风险显着降低相关,其主要机制部分可能为替诺福韦的病毒学特点更佳,正如医院队列所显示,这也与既往的研究结果相一致。然而,鉴于病毒不是HCC的独立风险因素,两种治疗方案的肝癌风险差异不能完全用其抗病毒效力来解释。需要会进一步的研究来阐明两种治疗HCC风险差异的背后机制。

原始出处:

Choi J, Kim HJ, Lee J, et al. Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients Treated With Entecavir vs Tenofovir for Chronic Hepatitis B: A Korean Nationwide Cohort Study. JAMA Oncol. 2019 Jan 1;5(1):30-36. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.4070.

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    2019-06-13 sjq027
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    2019-09-26 minlingfeng
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原先的干扰素和NA类药物试验以生化学,病毒学,血清学和病理学终点来评估有效性,而更近期的试验已经专注于病毒学和血清学终点,因为这些终点已经显示出跟临床结局的改善有相关性。

意料之外!“乙肝携带者” 怎么成了肝硬化?

本文是医生提供的一则病例:患者以前一直是乙肝携带者,每年都常规检查,医生甚至都认为不需要治疗的情况,结果就偏偏在这一次查出了肝硬化!这到底是怎么回事?

J Clin Virol:HBeAg 的血清学检测性能特点的评估

HBeAg被视为HBV大量复制的标志。目前,市面上的HBeAg检测方法的性能特点尚未确定,因此,尚不清楚HBeAg检测的缺失是由于检测敏感度,还是由于HBV基核启动子和核前突变所致。

BMC Gastroenterol:替诺福韦酯预防HBV母婴传播安全有效

在HBV感染高流行区,母婴传播是导致HBV感染的重要传播途径,强效、高耐药屏障的替诺福韦酯(TDF)为妊娠B级抗HBV药物。

Hepatology:与单纯HCV感染者相比,HIV/HCV感染的肝硬化患者不再具有更高的肝癌或晚期肝病风险

HIV感染被普遍认为是HCV患者肝病加重的一个危险因素。然而,由于cART具有更好的疗效和安全性,使丙型肝炎患者获得治疗的机会增加,这种情况是否仍然存在尚不清楚。

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