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ACS Chem Neurosci:如何从视网膜看出阿尔兹海默病端倪?

2019-11-15 Blake 转化医学网

阿尔茨海默病是一种常见的神经退行性疾病,也是导致痴呆的主要原因。阿尔茨海默病患者认知能力会下降,然而其分子病理则开始于出现临床症状前数十年,因此迫切需要发现在阿尔茨海默病早期具有高敏感度的生物标志物。

阿尔茨海默病是一种常见的神经退行性疾病,也是导致痴呆的主要原因。阿尔茨海默病患者认知能力会下降,然而其分子病理则开始于出现临床症状前数十年,因此迫切需要发现在阿尔茨海默病早期具有高敏感度的生物标志物。



近日,明尼苏达大学研究人员采用视网膜高光谱成像技术(retinal hyperspectral imaging, rHSI)发现了一种阿尔茨海默病相关视网膜病变的生物标志物,并可通过非侵入性的、廉价的方法进行检测,有希望应用于阿尔茨海默病早期检测和病情进展的监测。

视网膜是一个非常复杂而精细的结构,具有6层不同的神经元细胞和10层组织。眼底视网膜的病变不仅反映了眼睛本身的疾病,而且可以反映人体的其它疾病,比如阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、糖尿病引起的网膜病变等。这些疾病会导致眼底神经节细胞层的厚度改变、血管结构病变、血供改变等。
 
对于神经退行性疾病,如阿尔茨海默病,视网膜神经节细胞像一个窗口,可以方便快捷的进行非侵入性检测。在病变早期,患者可通过常规的眼部光学断层扫描进行检测,以及早发现,并有针对性的进行治疗。



因此,非侵入性视网膜成像检测阿尔茨海默病的脑病理改变是人群筛查的一个重要研究方向。

前期的横断面研究表明阿尔茨海默病患者视网膜发生了结构变化,包括视网膜神经纤维层变薄、视网膜脉管系统的改变。然而,这些改变并没有在疾病早期阶段被证实,也没有成为阿尔茨海默病诊断的生物标志物。
 
在该研究中,研究人员共扫描了19名阿尔茨海默病患者,其记忆评分从轻度认知障碍到晚期阿尔茨海默病,并与同年龄的非阿尔茨海默病患者进行了比较。
 
为了更好的对患者不同视网膜区域成像,研究人员定制了视网膜高光谱成像(retinal hyperspectral imaging, rHSI)系统,可将光谱成像系统与专用照相机相结合。该成像系统可检测阿尔茨海默病患者与健康参与者不同视网膜区域(如视盘、视盘周围视网膜、中央视网膜的神经纤维层)的光散射变化。


谱空间成像系统
 
对视网膜高光谱成像(rHSI)数据的分析显示,研究人员得出以下结论:
1) 与晚期阿尔茨海默病患者相比,轻度认知障碍队列中可检测到的光信号最高;
2) 该技术对疾病的早期阶段具有更高的敏感性;
3) rHSI特征评分也与轻度认知障碍队列的记忆得分相关;
4) rHSI特征评分不受其它眼部疾病的影响,如轻度至中度白内障、青光眼、视盘旁萎缩弧等。
 
因此,通过rHSI可以检测阿尔茨海默病早期视网膜病变的生物标志物。这项研究扩展了目前对阿尔茨海默病诊断的认识,在阿尔茨海默病的早期阶段,也就是淀粉样蛋白聚集沉积为不溶性斑块之前,仅仅通过简单的视网膜成像,就可快速方便且高灵敏度的进行诊断。
 
目前,NeuroVision?Imaging的AD-eye-test已经进入临床试验阶段,但需要口服姜黄素,以便在成像前与结合Aβ斑块,进而提供具有斑块特征的荧光信号。
 
而通过rHSI进行检测是无创性的,非侵入性的,且不需要额外的试剂辅助,在10分钟内就能完成。
 
虽然阿尔茨海默病还没有治愈的方法,但及时的诊断有助于有效干预,以提高患者的生存期和生活质量。
 
在不久的将来,基于rHSI的视网膜生物标记物筛查可能成为眼科检查的一部分,以进行后续评估或治疗干预。它也可以作为生物标志物,结合当前已有的生物标志物来识别高危人群。这种非侵入性、廉价的筛查工具对高危的阿尔茨海默病患者很有意义。
 
不过,该研究得到的结论也受到研究对象数量的限制,因此需要更多的后续研究来进一步证实,以及在临床上对该技术进行严格的验证。
 
目前,该研究小组已经和他们的商业伙伴RetiSpec?公司以及梅奥诊所合作,并开启了针对上述问题的大规模试验。希望这种早期检测技术可更快的进行临床转化,对高危的阿尔茨海默病患者进行筛查,提高患者生活质量。

原始出处:

Swati S. More*Swati S. James M. BeachCollin McClelland. et.al. In Vivo Assessment of Retinal Biomarkers by Hyperspectral Imaging: Early Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease.ACS Chem. Neurosci. October 11, 2019

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    2019-11-17 zutt
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    2019-11-17 yaanren
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    2019-11-17 lsndxfj
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    2019-11-15 14794e5bm67(暂无昵称)

    非常精彩,受益非浅

    0

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中山大学中山眼科中心和广东省眼科学与视觉科学重点实验室的Tu S等人近日在 Eye (Lond)杂志上发表了一项重要的工作。他们通过破坏小梁网建立慢性高眼压(COHT)猴模型,用于研究眼压(IOP)与视网膜神经纤维层(RNFL)厚度损失之间的关系。

Ophthalmologica:羟氯喹对治疗健康眼睛视网膜在结构和功能上的影响

葡萄牙科英布拉大学医学院眼科的Gil P近日在Ophthalmologica杂志上发表了一篇文章,他们评估了羟氯喹对视野和视网膜层厚度的影响。

JAMA Ophthalmol:2年筛查一次糖尿病视网膜病变或许可行?

发表于JAMA Ophthalmology的一项最新研究和评论指出,初次筛查时有最轻微或者没有视网膜病变的糖尿病患者,不太可能在2年内达到需要视网膜病变治疗的程度,从而引发了关于糖尿病视网膜病变筛查时间间隔问题的讨论。

Pulm Circ:视网膜血管变化和右心室结构和功能综合研究

美国纽约威尔康奈尔医学院心内科的Chyou AC和威斯康星大学医学与公共卫生学院眼科学与视觉科学系的Klein BEK等人在Pulm Circ杂志上发表了一篇重要工作。视网膜血管直径与左心室形态和功能有关,但还没有研究对它们与右心室(RV)的关系进行讨论。他们假设更宽的视网膜小静脉和更窄的视网膜小动脉与RV形态和功能相关。

Curr Eye Res:重建视网膜-穆勒胶质细胞介导的自我修复的前景

伦敦大学学院眼科研究所的朗格R 和皮尔逊RA等人近日在Curr Eye Res杂志上发表了一篇综述文章,系统性的介绍了目前穆勒胶质细胞在视网膜再生过程中的最新研究进展。

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