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课题申报要注重凝练科学问题、形成明确的研究假说

2014-08-18 唐小卿 科学网博客

科学始于问题。提出科学问题是科学研究“千里之行”的第一步,科学研究总是以提出科学问题开始,并以解决问题告一段落。重大科学突破往往始于凝练出科学问题。在科学的发展中,解决问题固然是重要的,而提出重要的科学问题似乎更重要。爱因斯坦曾说:“提出一个问题往往比解决一个问题更重要,因为解决一个问题也许仅仅是一个数学上的或实验上的技能而已。而提出新的问题,新的可能性,从新的角度去看旧的问题,却需要有创造性的想

科学始于问题。提出科学问题是科学研究“千里之行”的第一步,科学研究总是以提出科学问题开始,并以解决问题告一段落。重大科学突破往往始于凝练出科学问题。在科学的发展中,解决问题固然是重要的,而提出重要的科学问题似乎更重要。爱因斯坦曾说:“提出一个问题往往比解决一个问题更重要,因为解决一个问题也许仅仅是一个数学上的或实验上的技能而已。而提出新的问题,新的可能性,从新的角度去看旧的问题,却需要有创造性的想象力,而且标志着科学的真正进步”。提出问题是科学研究的前提,成功的科学活动的第一要点是善于提出问题和抓住问题。科学哲学家波尔曾指出:“准确地提出一个科学问题,问题就解决了一半。”

在课题申请中,导致申请失败的一个重要原因就是大部分申请人没有明确提出科学问题,或对提出的科学问题凝练不到位。科学问题是科学研究的核心。科学研究的过程,就是对科学问题作出解答的过程。因此,在申请课题时,申请者首先要凝练出一个明确的科学问题,在申请书中要明确指出这次选题的科学问题是什么,要解决一个什么样的科学问题,然后以科学问题为主线,紧紧围绕科学问题撰写课题申请书。

科学问题一旦提出,申请者自然要最大限度发挥自己的聪明才智,以自己的目光“审视”科学问题,依据自己所有的经验和知识,作出试探性的解释,提出解决科学问题的研究假说。所谓科学研究,从某种意义上说,也可认为是一个不断提出新的假说和验证、修正或推翻假说直至形成新的理论的过程。整个科学研究的过程就是根据某些线索提出一个自己关注的、新的科学问题,然后根据前人或他人的已有成果、以及自己初步研究资料,就这一科学问题提出一个未来待验证的猜测性假说或解决方案,最后设计研究方案加以证实或否定自己提出的科学假说。而撰写科研课题申请书,就是按照申请书的要求将科学研究这三个核心的过程清晰地表述出来。因此,课题申请要特别强调“研究假说”的提出。

假说的提出,在科研课题的设计中占有中心环节!这是项目申请最精彩的部分,也打动评审人最核心的要素,申请者千万不要忽视提出一个清晰而科学的研究假说。能否提出有价值的研究假说,是衡量一份项目申请书创新性与科学性的最重要指标。

在课题申请书撰写过程中,以下几个方面都要尽可能回避:一是就自己关注的科学问题没有提出相应的研究假说;二是正在进行的科学研究,没有意识到所研究的内容就是“假说”;三是申请者对自己的研究假说是什么完全是一笔糊涂账,而是依赖于设计很多的研究内容或无数的检测指标,以期在茫茫的大海中筛选到一个科学结论。特别是后一种情况,申请者热衷于探讨很多靶标或热衷于采用新式贵重仪器或试剂盒,像“无头苍蝇”一样,企图“以多取胜”或者消极地“做到哪算哪”。可想而知,对于“无头苍蝇”,评议专家是不会投赞成票的。

今年医学部的国家自然科学基金项目通讯评审意见表,就明确提出通讯评审人要简述申请项目的主要研究内容和申请者提出的科学问题或假说;要评述科学问题或假说是否明确、是否具有创新性,并予以说明;要评述研究内容、研究方案及所采用的技术路线是否能验证所提出的科学问题或假说,方法的逻辑性、可行性如何。因此,一份好的课题申请书,应当是有明确而凝练的科学问题、有清晰而科学的研究假说。

总的来说,撰写课题申请书时,应当要以科学问题为主线、以研究假说为先导,紧紧围绕科学问题和研究假说写申请书的题目、摘要、立项依据、研究内容与研究方案以及自己的研究基础。
题目要体现科学问题和研究假说,或者说题目就是你的研究假说。摘要的三个核心的构成应该是:你的科学问题是什么;就这一科学问题,你提出来什么样的研究假说;你设计了哪些研究内容来验证你的假说。立项依据要讲清楚三个核心部分:你发现了什么科学问题,并论证这个科学问题的重要性;就你关注的科学问题,你提出来什么样的研究假说,并论证这个假说的合理性与科学性;就你提出的研究假说,你设计了哪些研究内容来验证假说的正确性。研究内容与研究方案的设计应当围绕科学问题和研究假说来设计,设计出来的研究内容与研究方案能较好的验证研究假说的正确性。研究基础重要的是阐述清楚你就你的科学问题和研究假说沉淀了哪些工作积累,完成了哪些前期研究。

参考文献

1.阎辉.知己知彼、避免失误、迈向成功---国家自然科学基金项目申请与评议杂谈.中国科学基金.2012; 26(3):175-176.

2. 朱旺喜,王来贵.基于假说的国家自然科学基金申请2014;32(12):89.

3.王来贵,朱旺喜.申报国家自然科学基金项目要以科学问题为主线. 中国科学基金.2012; 20(1):39-42.

4. 陈越,温明章,杜生明.从自然科学基金项目申请看科学问题的凝练.科学通报.2006;51(7):870-872.


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    2015-12-05 glenluo

    根据现有的条件提出可解决问题,是科研的第一步。

    0

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    2015-11-05 qiang001

    学习中,尝试申请

    0

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    2015-10-17 zhouxue1990

    那繁忙的临床工作怎么办

    0

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    2015-08-21 gotosky

    写的很好,不过一直感觉医院的医生如果花很大精力去琢磨文本的撰写,是不是与繁忙的医务工作有点冲突

    0

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    2015-08-06 hlycom3356

    究基础重要的是阐述清楚你就你的科学问题和研究假说沉淀了哪些工作积累,完成了哪些前期研究。

    0

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    2015-08-06 hlycom3356

    科研真不是这么好做的

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44840, encodeId=2744448401d, content=根据现有的条件提出可解决问题,是科研的第一步。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=161, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/aASBQoxCmhUtibVW95APIWt2VRlMufTwR4Wxn7d5x79wR7VHEnabqeEtQzxiaevFAsuU7YZRXWEPCVcnnrU1zhVg/132, createdBy=0eb093133, createdName=glenluo, createdTime=Sat Dec 05 11:08:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42620, encodeId=07e442620b4, content=学习中,尝试申请, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3d2d1661303, createdName=qiang001, createdTime=Thu Nov 05 22:51:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=39027, encodeId=96ec3902e3c, content=那繁忙的临床工作怎么办, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a1a01625167, createdName=zhouxue1990, createdTime=Sat Oct 17 22:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=35935, encodeId=687b35935f4, content=写的很好,不过一直感觉医院的医生如果花很大精力去琢磨文本的撰写,是不是与繁忙的医务工作有点冲突, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=203, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=eeb0108246, createdName=gotosky, createdTime=Fri Aug 21 23:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34781, encodeId=268734e81f0, content=究基础重要的是阐述清楚你就你的科学问题和研究假说沉淀了哪些工作积累,完成了哪些前期研究。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=164, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Aug 06 11:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34782, encodeId=f76634e828c, content=科研真不是这么好做的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=165, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Aug 06 11:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34780, encodeId=e91834e80cb, content=这篇文章很有价值, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=159, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Aug 06 10:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26857, encodeId=3f3b2685e02, content=临床工作中发现问题,提出科学假说是临床科研的第一步, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aeba1627768, createdName=glydoctor, createdTime=Wed Jun 10 08:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16286, encodeId=03e2162866e, content=实践问题--文献---排除与提炼, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=122, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=16c31615338, createdName=nb1995703, createdTime=Tue Feb 17 11:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15231, encodeId=cbd3152310f, content=发现问题,大量文献阅读后才能提出科学合理的研究假说, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=41a21614405, createdName=sumeng, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 21:24:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-08-06 hlycom3356

    这篇文章很有价值

    0

  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44840, encodeId=2744448401d, content=根据现有的条件提出可解决问题,是科研的第一步。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=161, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/aASBQoxCmhUtibVW95APIWt2VRlMufTwR4Wxn7d5x79wR7VHEnabqeEtQzxiaevFAsuU7YZRXWEPCVcnnrU1zhVg/132, createdBy=0eb093133, createdName=glenluo, createdTime=Sat Dec 05 11:08:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42620, encodeId=07e442620b4, content=学习中,尝试申请, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3d2d1661303, createdName=qiang001, createdTime=Thu Nov 05 22:51:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=39027, encodeId=96ec3902e3c, content=那繁忙的临床工作怎么办, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a1a01625167, createdName=zhouxue1990, createdTime=Sat Oct 17 22:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=35935, encodeId=687b35935f4, content=写的很好,不过一直感觉医院的医生如果花很大精力去琢磨文本的撰写,是不是与繁忙的医务工作有点冲突, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=203, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=eeb0108246, createdName=gotosky, createdTime=Fri Aug 21 23:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34781, encodeId=268734e81f0, content=究基础重要的是阐述清楚你就你的科学问题和研究假说沉淀了哪些工作积累,完成了哪些前期研究。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=164, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Aug 06 11:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34782, encodeId=f76634e828c, content=科研真不是这么好做的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=165, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Aug 06 11:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34780, encodeId=e91834e80cb, content=这篇文章很有价值, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=159, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Aug 06 10:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26857, encodeId=3f3b2685e02, content=临床工作中发现问题,提出科学假说是临床科研的第一步, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aeba1627768, createdName=glydoctor, createdTime=Wed Jun 10 08:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16286, encodeId=03e2162866e, content=实践问题--文献---排除与提炼, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=122, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=16c31615338, createdName=nb1995703, createdTime=Tue Feb 17 11:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15231, encodeId=cbd3152310f, content=发现问题,大量文献阅读后才能提出科学合理的研究假说, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=41a21614405, createdName=sumeng, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 21:24:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-06-10 glydoctor

    临床工作中发现问题,提出科学假说是临床科研的第一步

    0

  9. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44840, encodeId=2744448401d, content=根据现有的条件提出可解决问题,是科研的第一步。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=161, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/aASBQoxCmhUtibVW95APIWt2VRlMufTwR4Wxn7d5x79wR7VHEnabqeEtQzxiaevFAsuU7YZRXWEPCVcnnrU1zhVg/132, createdBy=0eb093133, createdName=glenluo, createdTime=Sat Dec 05 11:08:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42620, encodeId=07e442620b4, content=学习中,尝试申请, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3d2d1661303, createdName=qiang001, createdTime=Thu Nov 05 22:51:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=39027, encodeId=96ec3902e3c, content=那繁忙的临床工作怎么办, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a1a01625167, createdName=zhouxue1990, createdTime=Sat Oct 17 22:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=35935, encodeId=687b35935f4, content=写的很好,不过一直感觉医院的医生如果花很大精力去琢磨文本的撰写,是不是与繁忙的医务工作有点冲突, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=203, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=eeb0108246, createdName=gotosky, createdTime=Fri Aug 21 23:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34781, encodeId=268734e81f0, content=究基础重要的是阐述清楚你就你的科学问题和研究假说沉淀了哪些工作积累,完成了哪些前期研究。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=164, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Aug 06 11:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34782, encodeId=f76634e828c, content=科研真不是这么好做的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=165, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Aug 06 11:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34780, encodeId=e91834e80cb, content=这篇文章很有价值, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=159, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Aug 06 10:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26857, encodeId=3f3b2685e02, content=临床工作中发现问题,提出科学假说是临床科研的第一步, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aeba1627768, createdName=glydoctor, createdTime=Wed Jun 10 08:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16286, encodeId=03e2162866e, content=实践问题--文献---排除与提炼, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=122, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=16c31615338, createdName=nb1995703, createdTime=Tue Feb 17 11:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15231, encodeId=cbd3152310f, content=发现问题,大量文献阅读后才能提出科学合理的研究假说, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=41a21614405, createdName=sumeng, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 21:24:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-17 nb1995703

    实践问题--文献---排除与提炼

    0

  10. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=44840, encodeId=2744448401d, content=根据现有的条件提出可解决问题,是科研的第一步。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=161, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/aASBQoxCmhUtibVW95APIWt2VRlMufTwR4Wxn7d5x79wR7VHEnabqeEtQzxiaevFAsuU7YZRXWEPCVcnnrU1zhVg/132, createdBy=0eb093133, createdName=glenluo, createdTime=Sat Dec 05 11:08:00 CST 2015, time=2015-12-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=42620, encodeId=07e442620b4, content=学习中,尝试申请, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=141, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3d2d1661303, createdName=qiang001, createdTime=Thu Nov 05 22:51:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=39027, encodeId=96ec3902e3c, content=那繁忙的临床工作怎么办, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=143, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a1a01625167, createdName=zhouxue1990, createdTime=Sat Oct 17 22:19:00 CST 2015, time=2015-10-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=35935, encodeId=687b35935f4, content=写的很好,不过一直感觉医院的医生如果花很大精力去琢磨文本的撰写,是不是与繁忙的医务工作有点冲突, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=203, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=eeb0108246, createdName=gotosky, createdTime=Fri Aug 21 23:21:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34781, encodeId=268734e81f0, content=究基础重要的是阐述清楚你就你的科学问题和研究假说沉淀了哪些工作积累,完成了哪些前期研究。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=164, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Aug 06 11:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34782, encodeId=f76634e828c, content=科研真不是这么好做的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=165, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Aug 06 11:00:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=34780, encodeId=e91834e80cb, content=这篇文章很有价值, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=159, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=332823945, createdName=hlycom3356, createdTime=Thu Aug 06 10:57:00 CST 2015, time=2015-08-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26857, encodeId=3f3b2685e02, content=临床工作中发现问题,提出科学假说是临床科研的第一步, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=110, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=aeba1627768, createdName=glydoctor, createdTime=Wed Jun 10 08:25:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=16286, encodeId=03e2162866e, content=实践问题--文献---排除与提炼, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=122, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=16c31615338, createdName=nb1995703, createdTime=Tue Feb 17 11:18:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=15231, encodeId=cbd3152310f, content=发现问题,大量文献阅读后才能提出科学合理的研究假说, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=41a21614405, createdName=sumeng, createdTime=Fri Feb 06 21:24:00 CST 2015, time=2015-02-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-02-06 sumeng

    发现问题,大量文献阅读后才能提出科学合理的研究假说

    0

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