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食药总局:这药使用不当,或早产、畸形

2018-02-10 半夏 赛柏蓝

又一个药,由于严重不良反应,被总局修订说明书!

又一个药,由于严重不良反应,被总局修订说明书!

昨日(2月9日),国家食药监总局发布《关于修订甲巯咪唑片说明书的公告(2018年第17号)》。



总局公告,根据药品不良反应评估结果,为进一步保障公众用药安全,国家食品药品监督管理总局决定对甲巯咪唑片说明书【不良反应】、【禁忌】、【注意事项】、【孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药】等项进行修订。

此外,总局要求所有甲巯咪唑片生产企业均应按说明书修订要求,提出修订说明书的补充申请,并于2018年4月15日前报省级食品药品监管部门备案。在补充申请备案后6个月内对所有已出厂的药品说明书及标签予以更换。

▍14药企受影响

目前,国内上市的甲巯咪唑制剂包括:甲巯咪唑片、甲巯咪唑肠溶片、甲巯咪唑乳膏。

此次被修订说明书的药品是甲巯咪唑片。根据国家食药监总局数据,甲巯咪唑片批文共有18条,涉及14家药企,其中13家国内药企,一家外资药企。具体如下:

上海黄海制药有限责任公司

上海信谊天平药业有限公司

上海上药中西制药有限公司

赤峰蒙欣药业有限公司

德州德药制药有限公司

广州康和药业有限公司

广东华南药业集团有限公司

天津天药药业股份有限公司

北京市燕京药业有限公司

北京太洋药业股份有限公司

北京北卫药业有限责任公司

北京中新制药厂

世贸天阶制药(江苏)有限责任公司

Merck Sereno GmbH

▍甲亢患者救命药

甲巯咪唑(Thiamazole)是硫脲类抗甲状腺药物,也叫他巴唑。临床上用于甲亢的内科治疗、甲状腺危象的治疗和术前准备。甲亢患者的常用药、救命药。

公开信息显示,2013年,这种国产药只需两块多一瓶的甲亢患者救命药,开始全国多地出现“药荒”,有的城市甚至全城“一盒难求”。国家卫计委联合有关部门也多次对该药进行调研,专门解决甲亢患者用药短缺的问题。

▍为什么要修订说明书?

细看《甲巯咪唑片说明书修订要求》,在【注意事项】【孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药】均提到了孕妇使用的问题,尤其是该药的致畸性。

【注意事项】项应包含以下内容

1.孕妇、肝功能异常、粒细胞减少者应慎用。

【孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药】应包含以下内容

哺乳期妇女禁用,孕妇慎用。

1.一般而言,妊娠会对甲状腺功能亢进产生积极效应。然而,妊娠期间,特别是在妊娠的第1个月,通常需要对甲状腺功能亢进进行治疗,妊娠期间未治疗的甲状腺功能亢进可能导致严重并发症(诸如:早产和畸形)。但是,由不恰当剂量的甲巯咪唑治疗导致的甲状腺功能减退也与流产倾向相关。

2.甲巯咪唑可以通过胎盘屏障,胎儿血液中的浓度与母亲血清中的浓度相等。如果给药剂量不恰当,这可以导致胎儿甲状腺肿形成和甲状腺功能减退,也可以降低胎儿出生体重。已有报道,接受甲巯咪唑治疗的妇女分娩了头颅皮肤部分发育不全的新生儿。这种缺陷可以在数周内自发恢复。

3.另外,多种特定模式的畸形与妊娠前几周内接受高剂量甲巯咪唑治疗相关,这些畸形包括后鼻孔闭锁、食道闭锁、乳头发育不全、智力和运动功能发育迟缓。相比而言,对在出生前对甲巯咪唑产生暴露的多个病例进行了研究,结果即没有发现任何形态发育异常,也没有发现儿童的甲状腺或机体和智力发育受到影响。

4.由于胚胎毒性效应不能被完全排除,所以在妊娠期间,仅在对获益风险进行严格评估之后,获益大于风险才能应用本品,而且只能在不额外给予甲状腺激素的情况下,应用有效的最低剂量。

除了修订要求中提到的问题,笔者查询世界卫生组织国际癌症研究机构,于2017年10月27日公布的致癌物清单发现,甲巯咪唑名列3类致癌物清单中。

附:甲巯咪唑片说明书修订要求

一、【不良反应】项应包含以下内容

1.血液和淋巴系统:较多见白细胞减少;粒细胞减少;较少见严重的粒细胞缺乏症(可表现为口腔炎、咽炎、发热等)、血小板减少、全血细胞减少、凝血酶原或凝血因子Ⅶ减少。

2.肝胆系统:可致肝损害,碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(T-BIL)、直接胆红素(D-BIL)、间接胆红素(I-BIL)等实验室指标升高;罕见肝衰竭。

3.皮肤及其附件:较多见皮疹、瘙痒;脱发;罕见剥脱性皮炎。

4.胃肠系统:恶心、呕吐、厌食、上腹部不适;有急性唾液腺肿胀的个案报道。

5.内分泌系统:有胰岛素自身免疫综合征(伴有血糖水平显着下降)的不良反应报告。

6.肌肉骨骼系统:关节痛、肌痛。

7.神经系统:头晕、头痛、味觉紊乱(味觉障碍、味觉减退、味觉丧失);有神经炎、多发性神经病的个案报道。

8.其他:抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体相关性小血管炎(可表现为肾炎及累及肾脏的小血管炎、肺浸润或肺泡出血、皮肤溃疡和关节疼痛等)、红斑狼疮样综合征、间质性肺炎、药物热。

二、【禁忌】项应包含以下内容

1.哺乳期妇女禁用。

2.对甲巯咪唑、其他硫脲类衍生物或本品任何辅料过敏者禁用。

3.在接受甲巯咪唑或丙硫氧嘧啶治疗后,曾出现粒细胞缺乏或严重骨髓抑制者禁用。

三、【注意事项】项应包含以下内容

1.孕妇、肝功能异常、粒细胞减少者应慎用。

2.据报告,大约0.3%—0.6%的病例发生了粒细胞缺乏症,在治疗开始后数周或数月以及再次治疗时均可出现。建议患者在治疗初期前3个月,每周做一次血常规检查。维持治疗期间每月做一次血常规检查。并提醒患者出现口腔炎、咽炎、发热等症状时,应立即就诊。

3.建议患者在治疗初期前3个月,每月做一次肝功能检查。肝损害多发生在治疗开始后的12周内,应提醒患者如出现厌食、恶心、上腹部疼痛、尿黄、皮肤或巩膜黄染等症状时,应立即就诊。

4.在说明书推荐剂量下,罕见骨髓抑制。骨髓抑制常与使用高剂量(大约每日120mg)甲巯咪唑相关。在一些特殊适应症中(严重的疾病、甲状腺危象)需要使用高剂量甲巯咪唑。如发生骨髓抑制,需立即停药。如果有必要,可调整使用其他类型的抗甲状腺药物。

5.在肝功能受损患者中,甲巯咪唑的血浆清除率下降。因此,给药剂量应尽可能低,并应对患者进行严密监测。

6.在肾功能受损患者中,由于缺乏甲巯咪唑药代动力学方面的数据,所以在该患者人群中,推荐在严密监测下小心地对剂量进行个体化调整,给药剂量应该尽可能低。

7.对诊断的干扰:甲巯咪唑可使凝血酶原时间延长,并使血清碱性磷酸酶、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)增高。还可能引起血胆红素及血乳酸脱氢酶升高。

四、【孕妇及哺乳期妇女用药】应包含以下内容

哺乳期妇女禁用,孕妇慎用。

1.一般而言,妊娠会对甲状腺功能亢进产生积极效应。然而,妊娠期间,特别是在妊娠的第1个月,通常需要对甲状腺功能亢进进行治疗,妊娠期间未治疗的甲状腺功能亢进可能导致严重并发症(诸如:早产和畸形)。但是,由不恰当剂量的甲巯咪唑治疗导致的甲状腺功能减退也与流产倾向相关。

2.甲巯咪唑可以通过胎盘屏障,胎儿血液中的浓度与母亲血清中的浓度相等。如果给药剂量不恰当,这可以导致胎儿甲状腺肿形成和甲状腺功能减退,也可以降低胎儿出生体重。已有报道,接受甲巯咪唑治疗的妇女分娩了头颅皮肤部分发育不全的新生儿。这种缺陷可以在数周内自发恢复。

3.另外,多种特定模式的畸形与妊娠前几周内接受高剂量甲巯咪唑治疗相关,这些畸形包括后鼻孔闭锁、食道闭锁、乳头发育不全、智力和运动功能发育迟缓。相比而言,对在出生前对甲巯咪唑产生暴露的多个病例进行了研究,结果即没有发现任何形态发育异常,也没有发现儿童的甲状腺或机体和智力发育受到影响。

4.由于胚胎毒性效应不能被完全排除,所以在妊娠期间,仅在对获益风险进行严格评估之后,获益大于风险才能应用本品,而且只能在不额外给予甲状腺激素的情况下,应用有效的最低剂量。

(注:说明书其他内容如与上述修订要求不一致的,应当一并进行修订。)

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    认真学习天天向上

    0

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    2018-02-10 swfzhanggui

    非常好.谢谢分享

    0

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    2018-02-10 深海的鱼

    严格按照要求执行

    0

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    2018-02-10 神功盖世

    0

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    2018-02-10 1e17414fm02(暂无匿称)

    学习

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1362218, encodeId=0ae0136221887, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9857e03444b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#畸形#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70344, encryptionId=9857e03444b, topicName=畸形)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=395f25, createdName=爆笑小医, createdTime=Sun Feb 11 15:27:00 CST 2018, time=2018-02-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=286976, encodeId=9fec2869e675, content=认真学习天天向上, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo61WAV0ROeLAoicPxPKoKaogwLWLL8STv86qplbdOibN2YR4KxkJicqNectCXGR8gPJhGLc7yYLSdnpx4kaVXndTfu/0, createdBy=a6962042337, createdName=1391e9f2a7m, createdTime=Sun Feb 11 07:00:26 CST 2018, time=2018-02-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=286724, encodeId=c104286e24da, content=非常好.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=93, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/10/21/9461f3b3c9f14e1d844256cdd08f2cf3.jpg, createdBy=a30f1426910, createdName=swfzhanggui, createdTime=Sat Feb 10 08:19:51 CST 2018, time=2018-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=286722, encodeId=6935286e22f3, content=严格按照要求执行, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=128, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfNLvzZhgPxRkia1DP5MpwEgtXo1XhXA11xD6MWKxunAZFXKSNic0fWHUQx83oNHPlRMxxIctM83QKeCLkJpMibibiaC/0, createdBy=7e581734408, createdName=深海的鱼, createdTime=Sat Feb 10 08:14:41 CST 2018, time=2018-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=286708, encodeId=23aa286e0853, content=阅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=106, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/fhZdOu27e88Voqh19n8eF8cLplo8L4nicKtH0WnE3KFELXns5XDu8rsiceK2HHDZc2SEStia5VV3Pia2QLMVqlWbHw/0, createdBy=6e012139475, createdName=神功盖世, createdTime=Sat Feb 10 07:40:45 CST 2018, time=2018-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=286702, encodeId=8989286e0209, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mStl88fu4NfDEeydJz0GlP8O0ngrUX6AYCXFic0XDOOAyeQicIqnOd4TrWSwiagJrsFNYuWC1Uc6iavbS1hWt9xtZAhAqLGHqZyl/0, createdBy=42891977006, createdName=1e17414fm02(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sat Feb 10 07:27:19 CST 2018, time=2018-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=286680, encodeId=737a28668016, content=好好好好好好好好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2017/08/29/bbc5cc0eed9b8d17623d2fd49dbdf19a.jpg, createdBy=79522135794, createdName=yjs木玉, createdTime=Sat Feb 10 06:46:55 CST 2018, time=2018-02-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-02-10 yjs木玉

    好好好好好好好好

    0

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