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殷文瑾教授:复发/难治性HER2阳性转移性乳腺癌患者的新期待

2019-06-08 肿瘤资讯 肿瘤资讯

Hope Rugo 教授现场汇报研究背景经治HER2阳性晚期乳腺癌目前缺乏标准治疗方案,目前常用的推荐方案为曲妥珠单抗。M单抗与曲妥珠单抗类似,在HER2蛋白上的结合位点相似,也具有抗增殖效应。值得注意的是,M单抗的Fc段经过了改造,可以增加其结合活化Fc受体(FcR)等位基因和CD16A的亲和力,同时降低对抑制性FcR和CD32B的亲和力。CD16A-158F等位基因低亲和力(约占85%的人

屏幕快照 2019-06-07 上午9.57.01.png

Hope Rugo 教授现场汇报

研究背景

经治HER2阳性晚期乳腺癌目前缺乏标准治疗方案,目前常用的推荐方案为曲妥珠单抗。M单抗与曲妥珠单抗类似,在HER2蛋白上的结合位点相似,也具有抗增殖效应。值得注意的是,M单抗的Fc段经过了改造,可以增加其结合活化Fc受体(FcR)等位基因和CD16A的亲和力,同时降低对抑制性FcR和CD32B的亲和力。CD16A-158F等位基因低亲和力(约占85%的人群)与曲妥珠单抗更低的临床疗效相关。在I期研究中,M单抗显示出可耐受的安全性、抗肿瘤活性、表现初HER2特异性抗体活性和T细胞反应。

研究方法

SOPHIA研究(NCT02492711)是一项随机、开放的III期研究,入组了既往接受过帕妥珠单抗和1~3线治疗的HER2阳性晚期乳腺癌患者。患者随机1:1分配接受M或曲妥珠单抗治疗,分层因素包括转移灶数目(≤2, >2),转移阶段治疗线数目(≤2, >2)和化疗方案(标准剂量的卡培他滨、艾立布林、吉西他滨或长春瑞滨)。主要终点为中心评估的PFS和OS,采用分层log-rank检验。次要终点为客观缓解率(ORR)。研究假设以双侧α=0.05为检验水准,要达到90%的检验效能,证实PFS更优,需要观察到257个PFS终点事件。

研究结果

意向性分析(536例患者: M单抗组266;曲妥珠单抗组270)在观察到265个PFS事件时进行。M单抗对比曲妥珠单抗,显著延长PFS,mPFS分别为5.8个月vs 4.9个月;HR=0.76; 95% CI 0.59~0.98; P= 0.033。在CD16A基因型,含有158F等位基因的患者中,M单抗的治疗疗效更优,mPFS 6.9个月vs 5.1个月;HR=0.68; 95% CI, 0.52~0.90; P= 0.005。在524例基线有可测量病灶的患者中(M组262;曲妥珠单抗组262例),M单抗组的ORR更高(22%; 95% CI, 17.3%~27.7%) vs 曲妥珠单抗组(16%; 95% CI:11.8%~21.0%)。在529例接受研究药物治疗的患者中,两药的安全性相当。≥3度AEs和严重AEs发生率,M vs曲妥珠单抗组分别为138 (52%) 和39(15%) vs 128 (48%)和46 (17%)。PFS数据的截止日期为2018年10月10日。

研究结论

在经治HER2阳性晚期乳腺癌患者中,M单抗联合化疗对比曲妥珠单抗联合化疗,可以显著改善PFS,且安全性相当。CD16A基因型中具有158F等位基因的患者,获益更为显著,目前OS数据尚未成熟。临床试验信息:NCT02492711.

上海交通大学附属仁济医院的殷文瑾教授点评

曲妥珠单抗是HER2阳性早期乳腺癌和晚期乳腺癌治疗的基石,其作用机理除了阻断HER2通路外,还可发挥抗体依赖的细胞介导的细胞毒作用(ADCC)。ADCC是指曲妥珠单抗的Fab段与肿瘤细胞表面的抗原表位特异性结合,其Fc段与效应细胞(NK细胞、巨噬细胞等)表面的活化型Fcγ受体III(FcγRIII)CD16A结合,从而介导效应细胞杀伤与曲妥珠单抗结合的肿瘤细胞。CD16A由两个等位基因编码,而这两个等位基因在第158位氨基酸存在差异,分别为高亲和力V(valine,缬氨酸)突变体和低亲和力F(phenylalanine,苯丙氨酸)突变体。既往的回顾性研究发现,纯和的CD16A-158V患者比纯和的CD16A-158F或杂合的患者相比更易从曲妥珠单抗联合化疗中获益,因此ADCC作用强弱与曲妥珠单抗治疗的临床疗效密切相关。

M单抗是一种靶向HER2的单克隆抗体。体外研究显示,M单抗类似曲妥珠单抗,与HER2抗原的结合位点和亲和力相似,也具有相似的抗增殖效应。值得注意的是,M单抗的Fc段经过优化,可增加其与CD16A的亲和力,同时降低其对抑制型Fcγ受体CD32B的亲和力。体外和体内研究均显示,与曲妥珠单抗相比,M单抗在纯和的CD16A-158F效应细胞或转基因小鼠中具有更强的ADCC作用和肿瘤抑制作用。

首个在人体内开展的M单抗Ⅰ期临床试验结果发表在2017年《肿瘤学年鉴》(Annals of Oncology)杂志。该研究入组了66例无标准治疗选择的HER2阳性晚期实体肿瘤(包括乳腺癌和癌等)患者,其中34例患者接受方案A治疗(0.1、0.3、1.0、3.0和6.0mg/kg每周静脉给药),32例接受方案B治疗(10、15和18mg/kg每3周静脉给药)。两种给药方案均为达到最大耐受剂量(MTD),且治疗耐受性较好,大部分为1~2级不良反应,包括发热、恶心、贫血、腹泻和乏力等。在60例可评估疗效的患者中,7例(12%)和31例(52%)患者确认为部分缓解(PR)和疾病稳定(SD)。在24例可评估疗效的乳腺癌患者中,所有患者均接受过至少一种抗HER2靶向治疗,有11例(48%)患者的肿瘤缩小。生存分析方面,66例患者的中位无进展生存期(PFS)为14周,27例乳腺癌患者的中位PFS为18.1周。试验中一位47岁HER2阳性的亚裔女性乳腺癌患者既往曲妥珠单抗/紫杉醇和拉帕替尼/卡培他滨治疗失败,共接受45个疗程的M单抗治疗(10mg/kg方案B),且持续PR。由此可见,M单抗单药疗效显著,且安全性良好。

2019年ASCO会议上公布了Ⅲ期随机、多中心临床试验SOPHIA研究结果。该研究中所有入组患者既往均接受过曲妥珠单抗和帕妥珠单抗治疗,而且90%以上的患者既往接受过T-DM1治疗。试验结果显示,与曲妥珠单抗相比,M单抗可显著改善患者的客观缓解率(ORR)、临床获益率(CBR)和PFS,且含有CD16A-158F等位基因的患者中M单抗获益更为显著。有另外,M单抗与曲妥珠单抗的安全性数据相似。

目前,美国FDA已授予M单抗用于治疗转移性或局部晚期HER2阳性乳腺癌患者治疗的快速通道认定。因此,M单抗有望在不久的将来成为抗HER2治疗的生力军,且对于曲妥珠单抗/帕妥珠单抗/T-DM1耐药患者可能具有更好的应用前景。

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    2019-06-10 freve
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