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EHJ:实锤了!戒烟,而不是少吸烟,才能减少中风和心梗风险!

2022-02-08 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

戒烟,而不是减少吸烟,才能降低包括中风及心梗在内的心血管疾病风险。

心脑血管疾病是全球以及中国首位的致死和致残原因。全球由心脑血管疾病导致的死亡占慢性病导致的死亡总数的44%,比任何其他死因都要多。全球每年有近1800万人因心脑血管疾病而死亡。在中国,心脑血管疾病引起的死亡占总死亡人数的40%。

人们都知道吸烟是引发肺癌的首要因素,但或许很多人都不知道,吸烟还是促发心脑血管疾病,包括心脏病、冠心病、中风等疾病的重大因素。在5月31日世界无烟日之际,世界卫生组织提醒人们关注这一受到忽视的健康风险。

在中国这样一个拥有3亿多烟民的国家,加大控烟力度,减少吸烟和二手烟导致的心脑血管疾病显得尤其重要。为了明确戒烟和减少吸烟与心血管疾病(CVD)风险的关系,来自韩国成均馆大学三星健康科学与技术高级研究所的专家开展了相关研究,结果发表在European Heart Journal杂志上。

研究人员纳入897975名年龄≥40岁、连续接受了两次全国健康检查(2009年和2011年)的当前吸烟者。参与者被分为戒烟者(20.6%)、减量者I(减少≥50%,7.3%)、减量者II(减少20-50%,11.6%)、维持者(45.7%)和增加者(增加≥20%,14.5%)。

在5575556人年的随访中,发现了17748例中风(3.2/1000人年)和11271例心肌梗死(2.0/1000人年)事件。在调整了人口统计学因素、合并症和吸烟状况后,与维持者相比,戒烟者的中风风险降低23%(aHR=0.77,95%CI:0.74-0.81;绝对风险降低(ARR)-0.37,95%CI-0.43至-0.31],而MI降低26%(aHR 0.74,95%CI 0.70-0.78;ARR-0.27,95%CI-0.31至-0.22)。

进一步发现,减量者I(aHR=1.02,95% CI 0.97-1.08和aHR=0.99,95% CI 0.92-1.06)和减量者II(aHR=1.00,95% CI 0.95-1.05和aHR=0.97,95% CI 0.92-1.04)的中风和MI发病风险与维持者的风险没有明显差异。

此外,对接受第三次检查(2013年)的亚组的进一步分析显示,那些在第二次检查时戒烟但在第三次检查时又开始吸烟的人与持续戒烟者相比,心血管疾病的风险增加了42-69%。

由此可见,戒烟,而不是减少吸烟,才能降低包括中风及心梗在内的心血管疾病风险。该研究强调了持续戒烟在降低心血管疾病风险方面的重要性。

 

参考文献:

Smoking cessation, but not reduction, reduces cardiovascular disease incidence, European Heart Journal, Volume 42, Issue 40, 21 October 2021, Pages 4141–4153, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab578

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    2022-02-10 医者仁者

    一支烟,一口酒皆是危险

    0

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    2022-02-10 ms9000002100948639

    戒烟

    0

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    2022-02-10 学医无涯

    学习一下

    0

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    2022-02-09 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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    2022-02-09 Re warren

    戒烟!

    0

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在之前的6个月和1年间隔内,未使用糖皮质激素的RA患者开始使用糖皮质激素后,每日剂量≥5 mg,累积剂量和使用持续时间增加与CVE风险增加有关。

风湿病学:这些干燥综合征的合并症,你要知道

原发性干燥综合征的多种合并症同样值得关注。

风湿科医生必看!别嘌醇和苯溴马隆对心血管事件的影响

虽然目前并没有直接证据表明高尿酸导致心血管疾病, 但是高尿酸血症(HUA)和 (或) 痛风使心血管事件发生风险增加并非偶然, 这与这两种疾病都存在

Diabetologia:诊断为2型糖尿病后,10年内发生心血管疾病风险有多大?

CVD风险预测分数不能准确识别在10年的随访中出现CVD事件的2型糖尿病患者。所有22个被评估的模型都具有可比性和适度的鉴别能力。

JAHA:急性冠状动脉综合征后病情稳定患者的心血管事件和长期猝死风险

ACS后10天内病情稳定的患者仍存在发生猝死的长期风险,其中发生额外心血管事件的风险最大。这些结果细化了猝死的长期风险和风险影响因素,这可能有助于临床医生改善治疗的机会。

拓展阅读

戒烟吧,在诊断后的前六个月内戒烟的癌症患者的寿命得到延长!

本文介绍癌症患者戒烟研究,确诊癌症后 6 个月内戒烟生存时间更长,3 个月内戒烟癌症相关死亡率降低,强调即便确诊癌症戒烟仍有益处且时间重要。

超22万人研究:司美格鲁肽不仅降糖、减肥,还能帮助戒烟?

与使用其他降糖药物(包括其他GLP-1RA类药物)的患者相比,接受司美格鲁肽治疗的糖尿病合并TUD的患者,需要戒烟治疗的可能性降低32%。

戒烟的好处惊人!NEJM最新:戒烟10年及以上,死亡率几乎与从未吸烟者无差!

NEJM Evidence上最新刊登的研究:第一,戒烟好于不戒烟,越早戒烟越好;第二,10年以上戒烟或能“逆转”吸烟危害。

戒烟的惊人效果!NEJM子刊最新研究发现:戒烟10年以上,死亡率接近从未吸烟者!

该研究汇总了来自四个国家队列的当前吸烟者或前吸烟者与从未吸烟者的风险比,这些国家包括美国、英国、挪威和加拿大,研究对象为1974年至2018年期间20至79岁的成年人,并与死亡登记处的数据进行了关联。

JAMA Internal Medicine:戒烟与心血管、癌症和呼吸系统死亡率的关系

吸烟的危险和戒烟的好处可能被低估;在跟进过程中,一些前吸烟者可能会重新开始吸烟,一些目前的吸烟者可能会戒烟。这些发现强调,随着持续戒烟,前吸烟者的特定原因死亡率最终可能接近从未吸烟者的死亡率。

不晚!确诊癌症后戒烟,中位总生存时间可以翻倍!

一项综合分析研究表明,与继续吸烟的肺癌患者相比,诊断后戒烟的早期肺癌患者中位生存率高出33%,5年生存率高出了70%多。

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