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JAMA:常规心血管风险因子与周围动脉病风险升高相关

2012-10-29 MedSci JAMA

既往研究显示个人临床风险因子与周围动脉疾病(PAD)之间有关联,但是这些风险因子的综合效应大部分尚不清楚。为了明确4种常规心血管风险因子(吸烟,高血压,高胆固醇血症,2型糖尿病)与男性PAD风险之间关系的程度,美国波士顿营养研究所Michel M. Joosten博士等人进行了深入研究,他们发现吸烟,高血压,高胆固醇血症以及2型糖尿病是临床显著性PAD相关的主要风险因子。论文发

既往研究显示个人临床风险因子与周围动脉疾病(PAD)之间有关联,但是这些风险因子的综合效应大部分尚不清楚。为了明确4种常规心血管风险因子(吸烟,高血压,高胆固醇血症,2型糖尿病)与男性PAD风险之间关系的程度,美国波士顿营养研究所Michel M. Joosten博士等人进行了深入研究,他们发现吸烟,高血压,高胆固醇血症以及2型糖尿病是临床显著性PAD相关的主要风险因子。论文发表于国际权威杂志 JAMA 2012年10月24日在线版。

该项前瞻性研究共纳入44985例无心血管既往病史(截止至1986年)的美国男性;健康专业随访研究的受试者随访至2011年,共计随访25年。随访期间对出现的风险因子每两年更新一次。试验中,临床显著性的PAD定义为截肢或血运重建,血管造影术显示血管堵塞超过50%,踝臂指数(ankle arm index)小于0.90,或医诊PAD。

结果显示,在中位数为24.2年的随访期内(四分位距, 20.8-24.7 年),共发生PAD 537例。研究人员发现,校正其他3种风险因子和混杂因子后,每一种风险因子均显著性且独立性地与PAD风险升高相关。校正年龄因素后PAD的发生率分别如下:0风险因子时,发生率为 9 (95% CI, 6-14)病例/100 000人年(n = 19发生病例) ;1个风险因子时,发生率为23 (95% CI, 18-28)病例/100 000 人年 (n = 99 发生病例);2个风险因子时,发生率为47 (95% CI, 39-56) 病例/100 000 人年 (n = 176 发生病例);3个风险因子时,发生率为92 (95% CI, 76-111) 病例/100 000 人年 (n = 180 发生病例);4个风险因子时,发生率为186 (95% CI, 141-246)病例/100 000 人年(n = 63 发生病例) 。研究人员观察到,对于每一种风险因子,校正多变量后风险比为 2.06 (95% CI, 1.88-2.26)。与队列中其他人群相比,无任意一种风险因子的人群患PAD的风险比为 0.23 (95% CI, 0.14-0.36) 。试验结果显示,96%的PAD病例 (95% CI, 94%-98%), 当诊断为PAD 时至少已具备4种风险因子中的1种。与4种风险因子相关的人群归因风险值为75% (95% CI, 64%-87%)。具有4种风险因子的男性人群PAD的绝对发生率为 3.5/1000 人年。

研究人员由此得出结论,在这一队列的男性中,吸烟,高血压,高胆固醇血症以及2型糖尿病是临床显著性PAD相关的主要风险因子。

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