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Mol Biol Evol:遗传负荷的积累对肿瘤细胞生长产生重要影响

2019-02-11 佚名 北京基因组研究所

近期,中国科学院北京基因组研究所吕雪梅研究组和台湾大学临床医学研究所王弘毅研究组联合在Molecular Biology and Evolution 发表题为Genetic load and potential mutational meltdown in cancer cell populations 的研究论文,该研究揭示,肿瘤生长中会积累大量对肿瘤细胞有害的突变,而肿瘤群体大小、有害突变速率

近期,中国科学院北京基因组研究所吕雪梅研究组和台湾大学临床医学研究所王弘毅研究组联合在Molecular Biology and Evolution 发表题为Genetic load and potential mutational meltdown in cancer cell populations 的研究论文,该研究揭示,肿瘤生长中会积累大量对肿瘤细胞有害的突变,而肿瘤群体大小、有害突变速率(mutation rate)和突变效应(mutational effect)决定了肿瘤群体存亡的命运。

研究人员从宫颈癌HeLa细胞系中选取单细胞进行克隆培养,通过多个单细胞克隆培养发现,细胞已经发生染色体倍型和生长速率异质性;大部分细胞系相对于祖先细胞生长速率有了明显下降。通过全基因组测序,生长速率较慢的细胞系拷贝数变异(copy number variation)数量显着多于生长速率较快的细胞系。通过对染色体核型的分析,发现生长速率较慢的细胞染色体数量显着升高。随后研究人员计算了有害突变的突变率,得到HeLa细胞系单次分裂平均产生0.29个有害突变,每增加一个有害突变会使肿瘤细胞的生长速率下降18%,得出平均每一代群体的适应度下降~5%(0.29×0.18),远高于此前在其它物种中的估计,验证了肿瘤生长会承受很高的遗传负荷(genetic load)。最后,为了回答肿瘤群体如何避免被消亡(mutational meltdown)的问题,研究人员利用已估计的参数模拟肿瘤从单细胞开始生长的过程,通过多次模拟,仅有不到10%克隆存活,即使在存活的群体中,大部分细胞的适合度(fitness)相比他们祖先细胞有明显降低。但群体中没有携带任何有害突变(mutation free)的细胞数量也一直增加,而这些细胞可以使肿瘤群体免于消亡的危险。

该研究揭示肿瘤细胞内部的演化方向由驱动突变(driver mutation)和“乘客”突变(passenger mutation)相互平衡共同决定。虽然肿瘤细胞呈现中性演化的特征,但演化过程仍然受到选择。过往研究主要集中在少部分驱动突变,却忽视了大量“乘客”突变在肿瘤生长中的负驱动作用。肿瘤演化的高突变率和中性特征,导致肿瘤细胞的群体拥有极大异质性,也是耐药复发的主要原因,给传统的肿瘤治疗带来很大困难。研究提示针对性抑制“乘客”突变少而适应度高的克隆进行治疗,有助于提升肿瘤临床治疗效果。该研究得到中科院战略性先导科技专项、国家自然科学基金“微进化过程的多基因相互作用”、中科院重点部署项目等的资助。

原始出处:

Yuezheng Zhang,et al.Genetic Load and Potential Mutational Meltdown in Cancer Cell Populations.Mol Biol Evol.15 December 2019

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