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脊柱定点旋转复位法治疗青少年多节段、巨大脱出型腰椎间盘突出症1例

2018-11-26 穆乃旗 郭伟 广西医学

腰椎间盘突出症是现代人群腰腿痛的常见病因,长期劳作、久坐、弯腰负重、外伤等均能导致椎间盘突出,进而压迫神经根,引起一系列神经根受压后引起的临床症状。随着现代生活节奏的加快,腰椎间盘突出症的发病逐渐呈年轻化,而年轻患者在治疗上必然存在一些特殊性,即使椎间盘突出较大,也多采取保守治疗,如针灸、理疗、牵引、药物等,不宜早期手术治疗。本文报告了脊柱定点旋转复位法治疗青少年多节段、巨大脱出型腰椎间盘突出症1

腰椎间盘突出症是现代人群腰腿痛的常见病因,长期劳作、久坐、弯腰负重、外伤等均能导致椎间盘突出,进而压迫神经根,引起一系列神经根受压后引起的临床症状。随着现代生活节奏的加快,腰椎间盘突出症的发病逐渐呈年轻化,而年轻患者在治疗上必然存在一些特殊性,即使椎间盘突出较大,也多采取保守治疗,如针灸、理疗、牵引、药物等,不宜早期手术治疗。本文报告了脊柱定点旋转复位法治疗青少年多节段、巨大脱出型腰椎间盘突出症1例,旨在探讨其治疗意义。

临床资料

患者,男,19岁,某国外留学生,身高4925px,体重125kg,平素体健。因腰痛伴右下肢疼痛6个月于2017年4月1日至空军总医院就诊。入院前6个月患者出现腰痛疼痛,伴右下肢疼痛,曾在外院行止痛、消炎、营养神经等对症治疗效果不佳,入院前15d因长时间乘坐飞机致腰痛伴右下肢疼痛加剧,行走、翻身困难。患者曾就诊多个医院,均建议手术治疗,患者拒绝。入院查体:(1)腰椎生理曲度存在,右侧弯伴旋转,腰椎前屈30°,后伸10°,左侧屈20°,右侧屈20°,L4椎体前倾、棘突左偏歪、顺时针旋转,L5椎体棘突右偏歪、逆时针旋转,L3~4棘间隙大于L4~5棘间隙,L3、L4、L5棘突旁压痛(+),L4棘突旁右侧压痛明显,且向右下肢放射性痛(++),右侧梨状肌投影区压痛(++)。(2)屈颈咳嗽征(-),仰卧挺腹试验(-);直腿抬高试验:左侧60°,右侧30°;床跟距:左侧1550px,右侧875px。Feber征(4字试验):左(-),右(+);股神经牵拉试验:左(-),右(+)。(3)感觉检查:右小腿内侧皮肤感觉减退。(4)双下肢肌力,肌张力正常。(4)经反射检查:双侧跟腱反射(++),膝反射(++),髌阵挛(-)、踝阵挛(-),Babinski征(-),Chaddock征(-)。疼痛视觉模拟评分6分,Oswestry功能障碍指数为70.91%。行腰椎MRI检查,提示L2~3椎间盘后下脱出300px,L3~4、L4~5椎间盘右后突出150px,L5~S1椎间盘后下脱出250px,伴椎管狭窄,见图1~5;经过测量,L2~3、L3~4、L4~5、L5~S1的AN值[沿突出物(突向侧)外缘作切线,该线与同侧黄韧带内缘的夹角]分别为34.9°、8.5°、24.9°、14.4°,椎管矢状径分别为30.6mm、30.6mm、30.7mm、28.9mm,绝对突出值(椎体后缘至突出物的顶点的距离)分别为11.4mm、7.4mm、9.1mm、11.6mm,见图1~5。入院诊断:腰椎间盘突出。


入院后给予常规治疗及手法治疗。常规治疗:(1)脱水治疗:甘油果糖氯化钠注射液静脉滴注,
250ml/次,1次/d,共5d;(2)营养神经治疗:单唾液四己糖神经节苷脂钠注射液静脉滴注,40mg/次,1次/d,共14d;(3)消炎镇痛治疗:萘丁美酮胶囊口服,0.5g/次,2次/d,共14d。手法治疗(脊柱定点旋转复位法):患者坐于正骨椅上,嘱双足插入正骨椅铁鞋内,保持臀部不动。助手站于患者前方,用双腿夹住患者右腿,术者站于患者后方,右手拇指定位于L4右侧关节突高凸处,左手从患者腋下向前穿出扶持患者右侧肩部,嘱患者先沿脊柱纵轴旋转,旋转至极限,再向前弯腰约60°并向左后侧方旋转,此时术者左手拉动患者并嘱患者顺从术者的牵引力向左后侧旋转,术者右手拇指用巧力推按L4右关节突高凸处,此时可感知L4复位“跳动”感,有时可听到复位的“咔嗒”声,同样方法反方向复位L5。如已经复位,可将棘上韧带按压抚平,松动髂腰肌。手法完毕后患者无任何不适感,嘱卧床休息2h。手法治疗每周2次,共给予6次手法治疗。治疗后,患者腰椎曲度存在,腰椎活动自如,腰腿痛消失,疼痛视觉模拟评分1分,Oswestry功能障碍指数为33.64%。

临床查体:(1)屈曲80°,后伸25°,左侧屈35°,右侧屈35°;(2)L4椎体前倾、棘突左偏歪、顺时针旋转消失,L5椎体棘突右偏歪、逆时针旋转消失,L3、L4、L5棘突旁压痛(-),双侧梨状肌投影区未触及条索状筋结且压痛(-);(3)直腿抬高试验:左侧80°,右侧70°;(4)床跟距:左侧2200px,右侧1875px;(5)Feber征(4字试验):左(-),右(-);(6)股神经牵拉试验:左(-),右(-)。

讨论

脱出型腰椎间盘突出症多有急慢性的腰椎损伤史,发病诱因明显,影像学表现为椎间盘突出较大且往往伴随椎管狭窄,患者腰腿痛症状典型,手法治疗效果多不佳。本例腰椎间盘突出症患者在治疗上存在诸多困难:(1)身材高大,体重重,而体重重容易造成腰椎间盘的突出,加重临床症状;(2)病程较长,导致腰背部肌肉痉挛严重,腰背部肌肉呈板状,影响手法复位;(3)患者年龄小,髓核含水量大,对神经根刺激性大,临床症状不稳定;(4)患者腰椎突出节段多,症状复杂,对责任椎和椎体位移位置的确定存在困难。在治疗过程中,应严格按照标准治疗流程,先消炎脱水,再纠正力学平衡,同时进行针对性的康复训练。康复训练在治疗过程中起至关重要,康复训练到位,才能维持手法治疗效果。腰椎间盘突出症是临床常见病、多发病,保守治疗方法较多,临床疗效差异大。

脊柱定点旋转复位法是冯天有创立的新医正骨的主要内容,这对腰椎间盘突出症的治疗方法提出了新的方向,临床疗效显著。脊柱定点旋转复位法是主要针对脊柱损伤退变性疾病的一种治疗方法,特点是稳准轻巧,其以脊柱内外平衡为理论基础,单(多)个椎体位移是其主要的解剖学改变。本例腰椎椎间盘突出患者,病变涉及多个节段,椎体位移,脊柱三点稳定结构失调,导致脊柱内外平衡失调,椎管矢状径缩短,椎管容积相对减小。

通过脊柱定点旋转复位治疗,椎体位移修正,位置复位,椎管容积恢复,达到代偿容积,神经根受压解除,症状消失,治疗效果良好,其原因可能为:(1)患者年轻,神经、血管、肌肉正处在生长旺盛时期,对于病损自我修复能力强,治疗后机体很快会达到代偿状态。(2)笔者测量了患者L2~3、L3~4、L4~5、L5~S1的AN值,AN值能反映突出物偏向椎间孔的程度,往往与神经根受压情况有关,该值越小,突出物越偏向于椎间孔,而本例突出节段的AN值较大,说明其椎间盘突出物和神经根之间虽有压迫,但有通过手法调节的可能性。(3)笔者还测量了患者的绝对突出值和椎管矢状径,其突出绝对值大,椎管矢状径较正常人偏长[正常人腰椎椎管矢状径是(17.68±2.40)mm、(17.41±2.40)mm、(15.63±2.36)mm]。身高体长是该例患者恢复良好的重要因素,身高体长可以影响椎管矢状径,身高体长的人椎管矢状径相对长,椎管容积大,这给手法治疗创造了条件。手法治疗后,关节突关节、椎间韧带及椎间盘的张力都会发生改变,并使相应的椎间孔和椎管矢状径变大,减轻椎管狭窄,较少对神经根的压迫。(4)根据临床症状,确定L4、L5为责任椎,并明确椎体位移方向,应用脊柱定点旋转复位法准确复位。

近年来,腰椎定点旋转复位法的机制被不断地探讨,本文给脊柱定点旋转复位法的机制研究提供一个参考方向,但由于仅为个案报告,缺乏充足的证据,仍需在今后的研究中进一步探索。

原始出处:

穆乃旗,郭伟.脊柱定点旋转复位法治疗青少年多节段、巨大脱出型腰椎间盘突出症1例[J].广西医学,2018,40(8):979-980.[doi:10.11675/j.issn.0253-4304.2018.08.32] 

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    2018-12-01 一天没事干

    很好的学习机会

    0

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    2018-11-27 183****7028

    学习

    0

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    2018-11-26 天地飞扬

    了解一下,谢谢分享!

    0

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