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JAMA发文强调成人高血压筛查的重要性

2021-05-11 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

美国预防服务工作组(USPSTF)最近发布了对成人高血压进行筛查的建议。

美国预防服务工作组(USPSTF)最近发布了对成人高血压进行筛查的建议。

什么是高血压?

高血压是一种常见的疾病,影响着近一半的美国成年人。不同的组织对高血压的定义略有不同:被认为是“高”的临界值范围从高于130/80 mm Hg到高于140/90 mm Hg。为此, Jill JinJAMA杂志发文回顾了使用任何临界值定义高血压的研究。

高血压是血管疾病(可导致心脏病发作和中风)和慢性肾脏疾病(可导致肾衰竭和透析)的主要危险因素。高血压首先应该通过改变生活方式来解决,比如低盐饮食,定期锻炼,超重或肥胖的人减肥。如果生活方式的改变还不够,许多类型的药物可以用来治疗高血压。

哪些测试可用于筛查高血压?

血压的测量使用一个血压监测器和一个充气袖带,理想的测量位置是在上臂。高血压的初步筛查是通过在临床环境中检查血压(办公室血压测量)来完成的。有时,通过家庭血压监测(在家里使用自己的监测仪)或动态血压监测(在12至24小时内重复测量家庭血压)进行额外的血压检查,以确定诊断

考虑进行高血压筛查的人口有哪些?

这一建议适用于18岁以上没有高血压诊断的成年人。

成人高血压筛查的潜在益处和危害是什么?

筛查高血压的目的是减少不良健康后果的机会,如心脏病发作、中风和死亡。对高血压进行筛查是一种准确的方法,可以尽早诊断高血压,而不是推迟,从而导致更早的治疗。因此,尽管将高血压筛查与健康结果(如心脏病发作、中风或死亡)联系起来的直接证据有限,但有令人信服的证据表明,筛查具有重要的好处,因为检测准确,治疗有效。

筛查的潜在危害很小,包括假阳性结果(不准确的血压升高读数),这会导致进一步的检测,如动态血压监测,这可能会给患者带来一些不适。

成人高血压筛查的建议力度有多大?

基于目前的证据,USPSTF非常肯定地得出结论,成人高血压筛查的净收益是巨大的。

原文出处

Jin J. Screening for Hypertension in Adults. JAMA. 2021;325(16):1688. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.5288

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    2022-01-26 mgqwxj
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    2021-05-16 1903329706

    高血压正在年轻化

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    2021-05-11 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

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