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“两对半”都查了,为什么还要再做乙肝 DNA?

2018-03-02 刘水桂 检验医学网

昨天,接到老家初中同学一电话:“老同学,最近体检发现自己乙肝五项显示第4、5阳性,是怎么回事?”


昨天,接到老家初中同学一电话:“老同学,最近体检发现自己乙肝五项显示第4、5阳性,是怎么回事?”

咦!4、5阳性?急性感染恢复期?既往感染?有点疑惑,于是问道:“肝功能怎样?”同学回答:“还没查,但是医生让我查乙肝DNA,你说,这是不是乱检查、乱收费?”

哎,我心里一声长叹,本想直接挂掉他电话的,但是念在多年同学之情的份上,我还是决定耐着性子给他慢慢解释:

一、先来了解下乙肝五项

HBV有三种抗原成分:表面抗原(HBsAg)、e抗原(HBeAg)和核心抗原(HBcAg)。这三种抗原在人体内可引起机体免疫反应,产生相应的三种抗体,即抗-HBs(HBsAb)、抗-HBe(HBeAb)和抗-HBc(HBcAb)。这些抗原和抗体可作为乙肝病毒感染的诊断标志。

但由于用一般的方法在血清中很难检测到HBcAg,只能检测出HBsAg和抗-HBs、HBeAg和抗-HBe以及抗-HBc五项指标,所以我们习惯称之为“乙肝五项”或乙肝“两对半”。

二、乙肝“两对半”各项指标有什么意义呢?  

三、众所周知,乙肝“两对半”指标在检验报告单中,常常会有不同的组合,那么不同的组合代表什么意义?

表1 乙肝五项指标不同组合的临床意义

四、那有时我们检查完了乙肝“两对半”,医生需要我们进一步检查HBV-DNA。这又是为什么呢?

其实,HBV-DNA检测意义主要有以下两个方面:

1. 在检测乙肝“两对半”时,一般来说,如HBsAg为阳性,就必须检查HBV-DNA以确定传染性的高低。单纯HBsAg阳性、HBV-DNA阴性,基本表明病毒无复制,传染力很弱。一旦结果超过正常标准,就可肯定体内仍有病毒复制,根据病毒载量决定是否抗病毒治疗(对于HBeAg阴性的病人,如果病毒载量≥104拷贝/ml,则需要抗病毒治疗。如果病毒载量<104拷贝/ml,在转氨酶正常的情况下,可以不治疗。

2. 少数患者乙肝“两对半”五项检查结果全部为阴性,甚至甲、丙、丁、戊型肝炎病毒标志物也是阴性,但病人的转氨酶却很高,出现黄疸,肝功能损伤明显,若通过检测HBV-DNA,发现数值增高,即可判断这种肝炎为“慢性隐匿性乙肝”,此类型肝炎约占所有不明原因肝炎30%-60%。
 
乙肝“两对半”检查是检测血清中的抗原或抗体,检查结果可以定性也可以定量,HBV-DNA检查是以某一数值的高低判断慢性HBV感染的病毒复制水平,作为医生抗病毒治疗适应症的选择及使用抗病毒药物治疗后对药物疗效判断。乙型肝炎患者和HBV携带者传染性高低主要取决于血液中HBV-DNA水平,乙肝病毒DNA含量越高,说明体内病毒越多,病毒复制越活跃,传染性也越强,出现并发症机率越高。

所以,我那可爱的初中同学,医生给你检查乙肝DNA,可不是为了坑你那点钱了吧。

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    2018-03-04 半夏微凉

    学习了谢谢分享

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=292887, encodeId=627029288e90, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo5nmIH5IQqCKjJgSCuicPWUWOUcdqt1ROPnEiaOYN4pSHibDv8la3OxNLalvuvUXn8clpJlrpuyTpckgt9OPkeSSdT/0, createdBy=8fd71930726, createdName=半夏微凉, createdTime=Sun Mar 04 09:56:42 CST 2018, time=2018-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=292453, encodeId=57e5292453c8, content=学习了很有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Sat Mar 03 07:05:44 CST 2018, time=2018-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=292362, encodeId=c12429236271, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0aa31415219, createdName=orangesking, createdTime=Fri Mar 02 20:31:38 CST 2018, time=2018-03-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=292361, encodeId=0d642923614c, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmhead/Q3auHgzwzM6P57Bs8gOPaY1cQP9lIia0lmZOEXraGaoicqNToIslXDKw/0, createdBy=7a041951742, createdName=衣带渐宽, createdTime=Fri Mar 02 20:30:13 CST 2018, time=2018-03-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=292360, encodeId=e712292360d8, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmhead/Q3auHgzwzM6P57Bs8gOPaY1cQP9lIia0lmZOEXraGaoicqNToIslXDKw/0, createdBy=7a041951742, createdName=衣带渐宽, createdTime=Fri Mar 02 20:29:38 CST 2018, time=2018-03-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-03-03 飛歌

    学习了很有用

    0

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    2018-03-02 orangesking

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=292887, encodeId=627029288e90, content=学习了谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/NUyjXTCJjo5nmIH5IQqCKjJgSCuicPWUWOUcdqt1ROPnEiaOYN4pSHibDv8la3OxNLalvuvUXn8clpJlrpuyTpckgt9OPkeSSdT/0, createdBy=8fd71930726, createdName=半夏微凉, createdTime=Sun Mar 04 09:56:42 CST 2018, time=2018-03-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=292453, encodeId=57e5292453c8, content=学习了很有用, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Sat Mar 03 07:05:44 CST 2018, time=2018-03-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=292362, encodeId=c12429236271, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=77, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=0aa31415219, createdName=orangesking, createdTime=Fri Mar 02 20:31:38 CST 2018, time=2018-03-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=292361, encodeId=0d642923614c, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmhead/Q3auHgzwzM6P57Bs8gOPaY1cQP9lIia0lmZOEXraGaoicqNToIslXDKw/0, createdBy=7a041951742, createdName=衣带渐宽, createdTime=Fri Mar 02 20:30:13 CST 2018, time=2018-03-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=292360, encodeId=e712292360d8, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmhead/Q3auHgzwzM6P57Bs8gOPaY1cQP9lIia0lmZOEXraGaoicqNToIslXDKw/0, createdBy=7a041951742, createdName=衣带渐宽, createdTime=Fri Mar 02 20:29:38 CST 2018, time=2018-03-02, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-03-02 衣带渐宽

    学习

    0

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    2018-03-02 衣带渐宽

    学习

    0

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教你看透——乙肝两对半结果 建议保存随时用得上!

一、乙肝病毒检测意义: 1、HBs-Ag:乙肝表面抗原 阴性:阳性为HBV早期感染和持续感染的指标,也可能系无症状的HBV携带者。 2、HBs-Ab :乙肝表面抗体 阴性:是上述表面抗原的抗体。出现(HBs-Ab)表明机体对(HBV)产生免疫。可出现于乙肝恢复期或者注射乙肝疫苗后,也可通过输血等途径被动获得。 3、HBe-Ag:乙肝病毒e抗原  阴性:在HBs-Ag呈阳性后不久即可出现,

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