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伴2型糖尿病的慢性牙周炎基础治疗后失访7年病例分析

2018-03-29 佚名 口腔医学

患者,男,年龄32岁,于2009年2月于本院牙周科就诊,

【一般资料】

患者,男,年龄32岁,于2009年2月于本院牙周科就诊,

【主诉】

牙齿松动,牙龈出血半年。

【现病史】

半年来患者自觉牙齿松动,牙龈出血,自行口服奥硝唑,稍缓解,病情反复发作,时有口腔异味;平均每天刷牙1次,时间不足1min。

【既往史】

自述2型糖尿病9年,口服降糖药,空腹血糖约7.0~8.0mmol/L,

【家族史】

无家族性糖尿病史。

【体格检查】

口腔卫生差,烟斑明显,软垢Ⅰ~Ⅱ度,龈上牙石Ⅰ~Ⅱ度,可探及龈下牙石,牙龈暗红色,龈乳头呈球形,与牙面分离,质地松软,探诊出血(bleedingonprobing,BOP)阳性,部分牙齿牙龈退缩(gingivalrecession,GR)约1mm,

【辅助检查】

Florida牙周电子探针检查显示:探诊深度(probingdepth,PD)约2~6mm,附着丧失(attachmentloss,AL)约1~4mm,无溢脓,#36颊侧Ⅱ度根分叉病变,#12、#11、#22、#36、#32、#31、#41、#42、#43Ⅰ度松动,覆牙合覆盖基本正常,无龋齿,详见图1A、C。血液检查:空腹血糖7.78mmol/L。X线检查:牙槽嵴顶模糊,牙槽骨水平吸收约为根长1/3,下前牙牙槽骨吸收至根中1/3,#36根分叉牙处槽骨吸收,详见图1B。



【初步诊断

伴2型糖尿病的慢性牙周炎(中度)。预后判断:中度骨吸收,口腔卫生维护尚可,#36Ⅰ度根分叉病变,Florida危险六因素分析为高风险因素(图1D),血糖控制良好的情况下,预后可/一般。

【治疗】

口腔卫生宣教;严格控制血糖浓度;牙周基础治疗;牙周手术治疗;牙周维护治疗。治疗过程:菌斑控制,全口分次进行龈上洁治、龈下刮治、根面平整,菌斑显示,指导患者正确口腔维护方法,治疗期间配合使用抗生素预防感染。该患者于2009年3月基础治疗结束后,患者口腔卫生尚可,软垢Ⅰ度,牙龈红肿消退,无探诊出血,下前牙牙龈退缩约1~2mm,PD≥4mm位点11个,全口菌斑指数40%,详见图2A。此次复诊对残留深袋行二次龈下刮治和根面平整,进行牙周风险因素评估,详见图2B。基础治疗完成后患者失访7年,2016年3月再次复诊,主诉牙周疾病加重,1年前因血糖控制不佳曾住院治疗。临床检查:口腔卫生差,软垢Ⅱ度,龈上牙石Ⅰ度,可探及龈下牙石,牙龈红肿,呈暗紫色,BOP(+),探诊牙周袋,龈缘可见脓液溢出,PD约4~9mm,AL约2~10mm,牙龈退缩2~4mm,牙齿移位,牙间隙明显,#17、#26,#37、#46颊侧Ⅰ度根分叉病变,#16、#36颊侧Ⅱ度根分叉病变,#16、#14、#13、#12、#22、#37、#36、#35、#34、#33、#46松动I度,#32、#43松动Ⅱ度,#21、#31、#41、#42、#47松动Ⅲ度,详见图3A、C。血液检查:空腹血糖13.08mmol/L;X线检查:牙槽嵴顶稍模糊,牙槽骨水平吸收至根中1/3~根尖1/3,#33、#37、#47近中远中牙槽骨角形吸收,其中#21、#31、#41、#42牙槽骨吸收至根尖,#47根尖区低密度影,骨硬板消失,见图3B。预后判断:重度牙槽骨吸收,Ⅰ~Ⅱ度根分叉病变,牙松动达Ⅱ~Ⅲ度,血糖控制不良,Florida危险六因素分析为高风险因素(图3D),预后为差/可疑。治疗计划:仅进行应急处理,建议患者先控制血糖,待血糖控制后尽快进行牙周治疗。根据Lang提出的牙周炎复发评估系统进行复发风险评估:BOP(+)位点<10%,PD≥5mm牙周袋检出1个,暂无牙齿丧失,骨丧失/年龄(BL/Age)为0.5,以上均为低复发危险度;吸烟每日少于10支,为中度复发危险度,全身系统疾病糖尿病为高复发危险度,故评估为中度复发危险度,此时全身危险因素为该患者主要问题。患者2016年复诊时的牙周与2009年初次牙周治疗后牙周检查相比,牙周状况加重明显,牙龈退缩明显,牙周探诊深度普遍增加,深袋比例增加,Ⅱ-Ⅲ度松动牙数明显增加,多位点牙周脓液溢出,详见表1。牙槽骨吸收加重,风险评估为高风险度,此时全身因素及牙周因素均为高危险因素。








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    2018-04-14 zwjnj2

    天向上好好好好学习天

    0

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    2018-03-30 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了.谢谢作者分享!

    0

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    2018-03-29 orangesking

    学习

    0

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由此可见,这些发现提醒研究人员注意健康成年人的心血管危险因素。

Cell:美国科学家启动全球细胞模型项目,旨在解决全球糖尿病!

USC的研究人员已经开展了大规模的科学工作,构建了胰岛β细胞及其组成部分的详细虚拟三维模型,这是一项旨在遏制全球糖尿病上升的全球项目。

糖尿病人手麻脚麻怎么办?

糖尿病是影响我国人民群众身体健康的常见疾病, 2016年《中国糖尿病防控专家共识》认为,我国糖尿病患病率为9.7%,患者人数近1个亿,呈快速增长趋势,已成为严重的公共卫生问题。糖尿病性周围神经病变是糖尿病最常见的慢性并发症之一,随着病情进展,糖尿病患者10年以后出现糖尿病周围神经病变的概率达到50%以上。一旦糖尿病性周围神经病变发生,会逐渐加重。糖尿病周围神经病变以手指尖、脚趾尖端的麻、刺痛来表现

Diabetes Care:抑郁症状和社会支持的变化与糖尿病治疗的关系!

由此可见,抑郁症状的减轻是自我效能改善和糖尿病治疗依从性的可靠预测因素。建议进行进一步的研究以分析与影响糖尿病治疗的社会支持以外的社会关系相关的心理社会机制。

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