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PLOS Med:北大学者研究:住房环境与儿童早期发育密切相关!

2021-05-05 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

综上,住房改善不仅与儿童的身体健康有关,更与女孩社会情感发展密切相关。

儿童早期发育(ECD)是指与年龄相适应的核心感知、身体、认知、社会情感和语言技能的发展,它影响着个人的学术、行为和经济成就。有数据显示,2010年,在中低收入国家(LMIC),估计有8080万名36-59个月的儿童在认知和/或社会情感发展方面没有走上正轨。

儿童发育学家认为,为了充分发挥其发展潜力,儿童需要培育性照料的5个组成部分:良好的健康、充足的营养、有针对性的照料、学习的机会以及安全和保障。目前,大多数调查风险因素和干预措施的幼儿发展研究集中在营养补充、回应性照料和学习机会方面。

去年发表在JAMA Network Open上的一项研究表明,与富裕社区的孩子相比,来自贫困社区的孩子在语言能力、阅读技能、记忆力和注意力等一系列认知功能方面表现较差,在关键认知区域的大脑容量也较小。

而就在前不久,美国维斯康星大学脑科学领域专家最近发表在《神经病学》(Neurology)杂志上的研究则进一步发现,邻里环境影响神经变性和认知功能下降。上述研究都证明,街道连通性良好的邻里和附近存在各种规模的公园有利于当地居民的休闲徒步及健康。

然而,环境的安全和保障对ECD的影响一直没有得到充分的探讨。尽管住房可能通过影响儿童的健康和父母提供适当照顾的能力而与幼儿发展相关,但只有少数研究对这一因素进行了研究。为此,由北京大学国家卫生计生委生殖健康重点实验室专家领衔发表在PLOS Medicine杂志上的最新研究给出了答案。

研究纳入了20个撒哈拉以南非洲(SSA)国家参加多指标类集调查(MICS)的92433名年龄在36-59个月的儿童。其中,88271名儿童使用儿童早期发展指数(ECDI)问卷进行了认知和社会情感发展测试被纳入本次横断面分析中。

所有纳入的儿童平均年龄为47.2个月,49.8%为女孩。如果儿童在某一领域最多只有1个ECDI项目不合格,则被认为在该领域发展正常。

SSA地区住质量房和ECD之间的关系

在考虑背景效应和社会经济因素的条件下,使用条件逻辑回归模型来估计住房(有成品建筑材料的住房、改善的饮用水、改善的卫生设施和足够的居住面积)与儿童的认知和社会情感发展之间的关系。所有结果按儿童的性别、母亲的教育程度和家庭财富五分位数进行了亚组分析。

结果显示,认知发展正常与住房改善(OR=1.15,95%CI: 1.06-1.24)、饮用水改善(OR=1.07,95%CI :1.00-1.14)、卫生设施改善(OR=1.15,95%CI :1.03-1.28)和充足的居住面积(OR=1.06,95%CI :1.01-1.10)都密切相关。但亚组分析显示,只有女孩的社会情感发展与住房改善有关(OR = 1.14,95% CI :1.04-1.25)。

SSA地区改善住房和ECD之间的关系

同时,如果根据家庭财富进行分析,在家庭财富水平处于较高的3个五分位数的儿童中,改善住房和认知发展的关系是显著的(OR = 1.20,95% CI :1.08-1.32),而在家庭财富水平处于较低的2个五分位数的儿童中没有这种关系(OR = 1.01,95% CI: 0.87-1.18)。

综上,住房改善不仅与儿童的身体健康有关,更与女孩社会情感发展密切相关。

 

参考文献:

Housing environment and early childhood development in sub-Saharan Africa: A cross-sectional analysis. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003578

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    2021-05-07 neurowu
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    2021-05-05 jyzxjiangqin

    好文章!

    0

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    2021-05-05 韦有飞

    学习了

    0

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