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Lancet oncol:根据DPYD基因型适当降低尿嘧啶剂量可减少其毒副作用

2018-10-29 MedSci MedSci原创

尿嘧啶治疗可造成严重的毒副作用,发生率高达30%,通常是由于二氢嘧啶脱氢酶(DPD)编码基因(DPYD)突变导致DPD活性降低所引起的。现研究人员前瞻性筛查四种最常见的DPYD突变(DPYD*2A [rs3918290,c.1905+1G>A, IVS14+1G>A],c.2846A>T[rs67376798,D949V],c.1679T>G [rs55886062,DPY

尿嘧啶治疗可造成严重的毒副作用,发生率高达30%,通常是由于二氢嘧啶脱氢酶(DPD)编码基因(DPYD)突变导致DPD活性降低所引起的。现研究人员前瞻性筛查四种最常见的DPYD突变(DPYD*2A [rs3918290,c.1905+1G>A, IVS14+1G>A],c.2846A>T[rs67376798,D949V],c.1679T>G [rs55886062,DPYD*13,I560S]和c.1236G>A[rs56038477,E412E]),探究根据DPYD基因型调整尿嘧啶用药剂量对患者安全性的影响。

本研究是在新西兰的17家医院开展的前瞻性、多中心的安全性分析,招募年满18岁的打算进行以氟嘧啶为基础的抗癌治疗(单用卡培他滨或氟尿嘧啶,或结合其他化疗药物或放疗)的癌症患者,不限肿瘤类型。研究人员对DPYD*2A、c.2846A>T、c.1679T>G和c.1236G>A进行基因分型。DPYD杂合突变携带者初始治疗剂量减少25%(c.2846A>T和c.1236G>A)或50%(DPYD*2A和c.1679T>G),DPYD野生型(即无突变的)患者按标准疗法治疗。主要结点:氟嘧啶相关的严重毒副作用的发生率。

2015年4月30日-2017年12月21日,共招募了1103位符合要求的患者,其中85位(8%)为杂DPYD杂合突变携带者,1018位(92%)为DPYD野生型患者。总体上,尿嘧啶相关的严重毒性在DPYD突变携带者中的发生率要高于野生型患者(33/85[39%] vs 231/1018[23%];p=0.0013)。基因型导向给药 vs DPYD*2A、c.1679T>G、c.2846A>T和c.1236G>A携带者的既往队列的尿嘧啶相关的严重毒性的相对风险[RR]分别是1.31(95% CI 0.63-2.73)vs 2.87(2.14-3.86)、无毒性 vs 4.30 (2.10–8.80)、2.00(1.19-3.34)vs 3.11(2.25-4.28)和1.69(1.18-2.42)vs 1.72(1.22-2.42)。

综上所述,前瞻性DPYD分型可用于日常临床实践,DPYD分型导向的剂量缩减可提高尿嘧啶治疗的安全性。对于DPYD*2A和c.1679T>G携带者,尿嘧啶初始剂量可降低50%。对于c.2846A>T和c.1236G>A携带者,初始治疗剂量是否可降低50%(取代25%)仍需要进一步研究。鉴于尿嘧啶是最常见的抗癌药,该研究提示DPYD基因型导向的个体化给药或可成为一种新的标准疗法。


原始出处:

Linda M Henricks,et al. DPYD genotype-guided dose individualisation of fluoropyrimidine therapy in patients with cancer: a prospective safety analysis. The Lancet Oncology.October 19,2018.https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30686-7

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    2019-06-04 minlingfeng
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    2019-08-25 howi

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