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Eur Spine J:硬膜下肿瘤合并脊柱退行性疾病手术治疗选择

2014-07-04 陈为歌 丁香园

颈背疼痛是工业国家中最常见的困扰人们的病痛,发病率高达90%。颈背痛也是导致工作能力丧失的一种最常见原因。成功的治疗不仅能最大限度地减少个人痛苦,同时也会带来社会经济效益。而颈背痛最常见的原因是脊柱退行性疾病。常见的脊柱退行性疾病包括椎管狭窄、小关节退变、椎间盘退变、退行性腰椎滑脱及退行性脊柱侧弯等。 脊髓硬膜内肿瘤是一种较为罕见的疾病,发病率为2-4/1,00,000,常见症状为:神经功能障碍

颈背疼痛是工业国家中最常见的困扰人们的病痛,发病率高达90%。颈背痛也是导致工作能力丧失的一种最常见原因。成功的治疗不仅能最大限度地减少个人痛苦,同时也会带来社会经济效益。而颈背痛最常见的原因是脊柱退行性疾病。常见的脊柱退行性疾病包括椎管狭窄、小关节退变、椎间盘退变、退行性腰椎滑脱及退行性脊柱侧弯等。

脊髓硬膜内肿瘤是一种较为罕见的疾病,发病率为2-4/1,00,000,常见症状为:神经功能障碍、根性痛及夜间痛。颈背痛并非硬膜内肿瘤的常见症状,因而,在硬膜内肿瘤合并脊柱退行性疾病的患者中,颈背痛往往被归因于脊柱退变性疾病而非肿瘤本身。事实是否如此呢?

在硬膜内肿瘤合并脊柱退行性疾病的患者中,治疗方法该如何选择呢?单纯处理肿瘤还是同时治疗脊柱退行性疾病?近来,瑞士学者Bellut等进行了一项相关研究,来探讨这一问题,并将研究结果发表于近期的Eur Spine J杂志上。

研究对象为58例硬膜内肿瘤中27例合并脊柱退行性疾病患者。27例患者均仅行硬膜内肿瘤切除术,未处理脊柱退行性病变。结果发现,术后颈背痛缓解率高达85%,颈背痛完全消失患者占67%。仅有7%的患者因脊柱退行性疾病而需进一步的手术治疗。典型病例如下:

病例1:


73岁的患者,伴有颈部酸痛,头痛,非特异性眩晕,左侧神经根症状,轻度左上肢肌力下降。经C6的椎板肿瘤切除手术,术后病理检查结果示:神经鞘瘤。术后影像学检查未见肿瘤残存或复发(图1),患者症状缓解期为35个月。神经功能完全恢复。尽管伴有严重的颈椎退变,术后疼痛缓解至可接受范围内(非手术治疗)。


图1:颈6/7水平的神经鞘瘤,合并多节段颈椎间盘突出及颈椎退变。A-C:术前MRI。D-F:术后MRI。

病例2:

60岁硬膜内肿瘤患者,伴有严重的腰背部疼痛,下肢轻度的感觉和运动障碍。在L3水平进行椎板切除术和硬膜内肿瘤切除。组织病理学诊断为神经鞘瘤。术后MR检查未见肿瘤残存或复发(图2),患者症状缓解期为19个月。术后临床检查发现腰背部疼痛和神经症状完全缓解。截止随访时,相邻的L2/3和L4/5水平的伴随变性一直无症状。


图2:1例L3/4水平的神经鞘瘤患者,伴L4/5水平的腰椎管狭窄以及L2/3椎间盘病变及腰椎退变。A-C:术前MRI。D-F:术后MRI。

本研究结果及目前的文献研究显示,对脊柱退行性疾病合并硬膜内肿瘤出现腰背部及颈部疼痛症状的患者而言,单纯肿瘤摘除手术是一种安全,有效的治疗方式。这些数据意味着,硬膜内脊柱肿瘤可能是背部/颈部疼痛的主要原因。

文章最后提到,单纯肿瘤切除手术,能明显改善大多数硬膜内肿瘤合并脊椎退变患者的颈背痛。临床医生应该充分意识到,脊髓硬膜内肿瘤可能是颈背部疼痛的主要原因。对这些患者,过于积极治疗脊柱退行性疾病可能比不处理危害更大。因此,在为硬膜内肿瘤手术患者首次实施手术前,需详细评估症状体征及影像学检查,认真讨论内固定术及融合手术的必要性。

【译者按】:在我们的临床工作中,在遇到同类患者时,在术前与患者的沟通中,要详细告知手术的必要性、危险性。在目前的医疗环境中,更容易发生医患纠纷,这就更需要我们要做到充分的术前评估,尽量做到既不过度治疗,又能很好地改善患者症状。手术做小了,术后患者症状改善不理想,患者不满意,手术做大了,我们又于心不忍。有时候很难做到两全其美,这就需要我们进一步地深入研究。

原始出处:

Bellut D1, Mutter UM, Sutter M, Eggspuehler A, Mannion AF, Porchet F.Back pain in patients with degenerative spine disease and intradural spinal tumor: what to treat? when to treat?Eur Spine J. 2014 Apr;23(4):821-9. doi: 10.1007/s00586-013-3137-2. Epub 2013 Dec 31.

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    2015-04-26 mgqwxj
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