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Diabetes Metab:一方水土养一方人,同样适用于高血压和糖尿病的预防

2019-08-10 不详 网络

近期几项关于精加工食品的研究总的来说得出的结论都是——它们对健康不利。对此最常见的解释是精加工食品中脂肪、糖和盐的含量高。最近发表在Diabetes&Metabolism杂志上的一项小型研究采用了不同的方法,转而关注加工食品中的食品添加剂。研究是在意大利进行的,这项研究是专门了解当地食材对健康的影响。所以研究者只对添加剂感兴趣,而不是关注脂肪和糖的含量。据研究者介绍,添加剂包括食品工业用来

近期几项关于精加工食品的研究总的来说得出的结论都是——它们对健康不利。对此最常见的解释是精加工食品中脂肪、糖和盐的含量高。

最近发表在Diabetes&Metabolism杂志上的一项小型研究采用了不同的方法,转而关注加工食品中的食品添加剂。

研究是在意大利进行的,这项研究是专门了解当地食材对健康的影响。所以研究者只对添加剂感兴趣,而不是关注脂肪和糖的含量。据研究者介绍,添加剂包括食品工业用来使食品“美味、易储存、可长途运输”的化学物质。与其他研究不同的是,该研究集中在奶酪、香肠、意大利面、糕点、饼干和巧克力这些可以在外地生产的食材。研究者没有要求受试者将这些食材从他们的饮食中剔除,而是要求他们从当地采购这些食材。

共有159例健康受试者完成了为期6个月的研究。研究人员将受试者随机分成两组。要求第一组受试者(n=89)从当地购买新鲜的奶酪、香肠、意大利面、糕点、饼干和巧克力。这些当地生产商都经过了食品生产行业专家的审查,以确保没有使用添加剂,而且必须保证所有生产过程都是在当地进行的。例如,奶酪只含有牛奶、盐和凝乳酶,糕点不含有化学香料、抗氧化剂或单甘油酯和双甘油酯(这两种物质经常被用来改善食物的体积和质地)等。第二组受试者(n=70)则在超市购买奶酪、香肠、意大利面、糕点、饼干和巧克力这些食材。研究人员要求两组受试者遵循地中海饮食,并详细记录饮食日记。两组受试者摄入的热量相当。

研究者们评估了一系列参数,包括身高、体重、收缩压和舒张压。此外,研究者测量了受试者们的总脂肪和腹部脂肪含量以及他们的焦虑和抑郁程度。评估抑郁症使用了Beck抑郁量表。收集血液样本检测受试者静息状态下的血糖、钾、钠、胰岛素、肌酐和C肽。还计算了HOMA评分及估计肾小球滤过率(eGFR)。上述指标在基线两组之间没有显著差异。6个月后,研究人员重复了他们在研究开始时进行的各种评估、检查、检测。

有趣的结果

两组受试者6个月后,体重指数(BMI)和血钾、钠含量都低于基线数值。组间也略有差异。研究人员发现,在6个月时,第一组受试者的HOMA评分明显好于第二组,空腹血糖明显低于第二组。此外,与各组的基线测量结果相比,第一组受试者内脏脂肪较少、收缩压较低、抑郁评分也更好。与基线相比,第二组受试者的空腹血糖、舒张压和C肽都有不同程度升高。

正如研究者所解释的,这项研究确实存在一些实质性的缺陷。例如,只是按照一个小型的试点研究来设计,要证实它的有效性,还需要研究人员在更长的时间内对更多的受试者重复该研究。除了研究的规模和时间跨度,此研究无法引入“盲”法。换句话说,因为涉及到他们在不同的商店购物以及很长一段时间的饮食,研究者和受试者都能够意识到干预措施。未来的研究可能会通过向受试者提供饼干、肉类和其他产品来避免这个问题,这样他们就不会知道这些产品的成分或来源。

关于抑郁症得分的提高,或可因为研究中两组受试者不同的经历:和当地卖家攀谈(讨价还价)比逛超市更有趣;另外从理论上讲,本地的、新鲜的、不含添加剂的食物比含添加剂的食物口感更好;而且,因为食物会影响情绪,所以食材差异使得两组受试者情绪出现分化。

结语

食物对人类的整体健康有很大的影响——这一点毋庸置疑。目前人们所知的健康饮食至少包括水果、蔬菜、全谷物,以及有限的糖、盐和脂肪。然而,我们都知道:坚持营养饮食计划很有挑战性。这项研究着眼于改变我们的购买习惯是否会对我们的健康产生实质性的影响。如果仅仅6个月的时间里,选择一些不含添加剂的当地食品就能改善与疾病风险相关的代谢因素,那么这项研究确实值得深究。所以一方水土养一方人也并非没有道理。

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    2020-01-21 guojianrong
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    2020-01-01 一闲
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    2019-08-25 整形小萌新

    做任务

    0

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    2019-08-10 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

    0

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