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Nature:癌症具有跨物种传染性?

2016-06-24 佚名 生物谷

海洋是不计其数的多样性的海洋生物物种的家园。一项新的研究提示着这种让海洋生物繁荣生长并保护它们的水域可能也促进某些癌症在物种内和跨物种传播。相关研究结果于2016年6月22日在线发表在Nature期刊上,论文标题为“Widespread transmission of independent cancer lineages within multiple bivalve species”。在这项研

海洋是不计其数的多样性的海洋生物物种的家园。一项新的研究提示着这种让海洋生物繁荣生长并保护它们的水域可能也促进某些癌症在物种内和跨物种传播。相关研究结果于2016年6月22日在线发表在Nature期刊上,论文标题为“Widespread transmission of independent cancer lineages within multiple bivalve species”。

在这项研究中,来自美国、加拿大和西班牙的研究人员研究了患上一种被称作传播性肿瘤(disseminated neoplasia)的癌症的许多种软体动物,其中这种传播性肿瘤是一种类似于白血病的疾病,影响世界很多地方的双壳贝类软体动物。他们发现在多种软体动物物种中,癌细胞本身作为一种传染性的克隆细胞系在软体动物之间扩散。

论文通信作者、美国哥伦比亚大学医学中心微生物学与免疫学系生物化学教授Stephen Goff博士说,“我们的结果提示着癌症在海洋动物之间直接传播可能比之前所想象的更加常见。”

在早前的研究中,Goff博士团队在软壳蛤(Mya arenaria)中寻找可能导致癌症的病毒。但是结果证实实际情形并不是病毒在海洋中扩散,相反,是癌细胞本身在动物之间扩散。癌细胞直接传播是非常罕见的,迄今为止,这种现象仅在两种哺乳动物---袋獾(Tasmanian devils)和狗---中观察到过。

在这项新的研究中,Goff团队进行测试以便观察在其他软体动物体内的癌症是否可能也是由于传染性的癌细胞系导致的。他们研究了癌症DNA和从加拿大和西班牙海岸收集到的受影响的贻贝(Mytilus trossulus)、鸟蛤(Cerastoderma edule)和金色地毯壳蛤(Polititapes aureus)这三种宿主动物。

Goff团队发现在这三种宿主动物中,每种动物所患的癌症都是由独立的癌细胞克隆株导致的,而且这些癌细胞与它们的宿主动物在遗传物质上截然不同。他们也发现在金色地毯壳蛤中,传染性的癌细胞克隆株来自一种不同的但与金色地毯壳蛤存在亲缘关系的物种中。他们作出结论,这种癌症是癌细胞通过跨物种传播导致的。

Goff说,“鉴于我们观察到癌症在几种海洋生物物种中扩散,因此,我们未来计划研究导致这些癌细胞传播的突变。”

原始出处

Michael J. Metzger, Antonio Villalba, María J. Carballal, David Iglesias, James Sherry, Carol Reinisch, Annette F. Muttray, Susan A. Baldwin & Stephen P. Goff.Widespread transmission of independent cancer lineages within multiple bivalve species.Nature.2016

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    2017-01-30 liye789132251
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    2017-04-26 xzw113
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    2016-07-21 respect
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    2016-06-26 jaysppr

    好文章,值得收藏!

    0

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    2016-06-26 jaysppr

    好文章,值得收藏!

    0

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