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JAMA:与辉瑞相比,Moderna的mRNA疫苗接种后突破性感染更少,住院更少

2022-01-21 王聪 “生物世界”公众号

随着新冠新型突变株的不断出现和大规模传播,之前针对原始株而开发的疫苗的防护效果开始下降,一些接种过两剂mRNA疫苗的人仍然被感染新冠病毒,也就是所谓的“突破性感染”。

2020年底,辉瑞/BioNTech及Moderna仅仅用了一年时间,就开发出了新冠mRNA疫苗,并获批上市。这也让全世界看到了mRNA疫苗的巨大潜力。

随着新冠新型突变株的不断出现和大规模传播,之前针对原始株而开发的疫苗的防护效果开始下降,一些接种过两剂mRNA疫苗的人仍然被感染新冠病毒,也就是所谓的“突破性感染”。

2022年1月20日,凯斯西储大学徐荣等人在国际顶尖医学期刊 JAMA 发表了题为:Comparison of mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 Vaccines on Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infections, Hospitalizations, and Death During the Delta-Predominant Period 的研究论文。

该论文比较了分别来自辉瑞/BioNTech及Moderna的两款mRNA疫苗在德尔塔突变株流行期间的突破性感染、住院和死亡情况。结果显示,与辉瑞/BioNTech的mRNA疫苗相比,接种Moderna疫苗的人突破性感染和住院的风险更低

该研究的领导者徐荣是凯斯西储大学医学院生物信息学教授、人工智能药物发现中心主任。他领导团队分析了来自美国63个医疗机构的637000多名完全接种疫苗的患者的电子健康记录,涵盖不同的地区、年龄、种族和民族、收入水平和保险情况。研究团队比较了Moderna mRNA疫苗的接种者和辉瑞/BioNTech mRNA疫苗的接种者与德尔塔突变株相关的突破性感染、住院和死亡率,同时考虑了接种者的特征和接种疫苗后的不同时间。

统计的数据发正在2021年7月至2021年11月之间的新冠突破性感染,当时德尔塔几乎占据了所有病例。该团队考虑了人口统计、健康的社会决定因素、移植和合并症。还比较了感染后60天内患者的住院率。

统计结果表明,与辉瑞/BioNTech的mRNA疫苗相比,接种Moderna的mRNA的人月度突破性感染更低,例如在2021年11月,接种Moderna的mRNA的群体中突破性感染率为1.6‰,而接种辉瑞/BioNTech的mRNA疫苗的群体为2.8‰。接种Moderna的mRNA的人在接种后60天内的住院率为12.7%,而辉瑞/BioNTech的mRNA疫苗的接种者则为13.3%。但接种这两种mRNA疫苗的人的死亡率没有明显差异

这些数据表明,这两款mRNA疫苗尽管在防止突破性感染方面存在差异,但都对重症有着很好的保护作用

随着奥密克戎的快速传播,有必要进一步评估加强针的防护效果,也有必要开发针对奥密克戎的疫苗。

原始出处:

Lindsey Wang, et al. Comparison of mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 Vaccines on Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infections, Hospitalizations, and Death During the Delta-Predominant Period. JAMA. Published online January 20, 2022. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.0210.

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