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PNAS: 重磅!贝勒医学院揭示新生儿出生缺陷关键基因

2017-05-31 戴胜 测序中国

一直以来,22 号染色体的 22q11.2 区域是各类出生缺陷研究的热点。在大约 4000 个新生儿中的,就有 1 个存在这一区域的变异,导致多达 40 个基因的缺失或重复拷贝。因此,这一区域一直得到科学家的广泛关注。同时,这种染色体的微缺失或微重复可导致不同个体之间出现较大的差异。目前,科学界对这一区域的许多基因还知之甚少,当这些基因缺失时,可能会发生心脏发育及功能异常、免疫系统缺陷、颅面特征破

一直以来,22 号染色体的 22q11.2 区域是各类出生缺陷研究的热点。在大约 4000 个新生儿中的,就有 1 个存在这一区域的变异,导致多达 40 个基因的缺失或重复拷贝。因此,这一区域一直得到科学家的广泛关注。同时,这种染色体的微缺失或微重复可导致不同个体之间出现较大的差异。目前,科学界对这一区域的许多基因还知之甚少,当这些基因缺失时,可能会发生心脏发育及功能异常、免疫系统缺陷、颅面特征破坏以及认知和行为问题等。大约 30%病人的相关疾病被统称为 DiGeorge 综合征或 22q11.2 缺失综合征,其出生缺陷主要包括泌尿生殖系统发育异常以及上、下呼吸道缺陷。



先天性泌尿生殖系统缺陷是最常见的出生缺陷类型之一,其原因一直是 Dolores Lamb 博士实验室多年研究的焦点。

Lamb 博士谈到,“大约从 12 年前,我们开始以微阵列比较基因组杂交技术研究泌尿生殖系统缺陷,这一技术具有非常高的分辨率。以此我们可以在染色体区域观察到到不易察觉的微缺失或微复制。”通过这一技术,Lamb 博士及其同事们认为,22q11.2 区的基因最有可能参与泌尿生殖系统的异常发展。如果这些基因被识别并破解,那么研究人员可以为受这种情况影响的个体开发诊断方法及潜在的治疗手段。

Lamb 博士的团队研究了泌尿生殖系统缺陷及 DiGeorge 综合征患者 22q11.2 区域的基因拷贝数变异,包括重复和缺失。通过基因拷贝数变化影响的潜在信号通路,研究团队认为 CRKL 基因的重复或缺失是泌尿生殖系统缺陷的“罪魁祸首”。

进一步研究表明,CRKL 在与 DiGeorge 综合征相关的各种胎儿组织中都有表达,包括肝脏、肺、骨骼肌、心脏、脾脏、胸腺、脑以及肾脏等。研究发现,在小鼠和人类中,该基因在泌尿生殖道的整个发育过程中都适度表达。这些结果让研究人员进一步确定 CRKL 基因与泌尿生殖缺陷的重要联系。

Lamb 博士表示:“我们的工作对患者的早期诊断具有重大的意义。这项研究意味着,由于 22q11.2 区基因剂量变化引起的泌尿生殖系统缺陷或 DiGeorge 综合征患者,也应评估进一步其他潜在出生缺陷,这很可能关系着病人的未来健康。因为 22q11.2 区域中的基因同样影响着大脑发育和行为认知功能以及心脏、听力或自身免疫缺陷等。

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    2017-11-04 drwjr
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    2017-06-02 xxxx1054
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