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AHA Meeting Report:更佳饮食+锻炼减肥,或让你不需要再吃降压药

2018-09-10 卢芳 中国循环杂志

2017年美国高血压新指南一发布,很多人都很苦恼,因为根据高血压新定义,血压超过130/80 mmHg就是高血压了。

2017年美国高血压指南一发布,很多人都很苦恼,因为根据高血压新定义,血压超过130/80 mmHg就是高血压了。

不过新指南也指出,不要紧张,这只是“黄牌警告”,并不意味着一定要吃药,建议通过生活方式干预降低危险。但是,生活方式干预有多大力度?

近日,在美国心脏协会2018年联合高血压科学会议上一项研究给予了回答:改善生活方式16周,就能让血压在一定程度上下降,甚至不服药。

这里的生活方式改善,就是吃DASH模式饮食,减肥和锻炼。

DASH饮食的英文叫Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension,字面理解是降低血压的饮食模式,由美国心肺血液研究所推出。

DASH的基本饮食理念是强调每日全谷物食品、水果、蔬菜、鱼类的摄入量(增加膳食纤维、钙、钾、蛋白质);少油脂,尤其是减少动物油脂摄入;另外就是低糖(减少甜食、糖分摄入)、低盐和少吃红肉。

有媒体评估了38种饮食法,DASH饮食法连续第七年占据榜首,被评为“综合最佳饮食法”。

研究显示,吃DASH模式饮食并加强锻炼减肥的高血压患者,经过16周的“打磨”瘦了8.6 kg,收缩压和舒张压分别降低了16 mmHg和10 mmHg。

如果懒得锻炼,仅吃DASH模式饮食16周,收缩压和舒张压也会分别降低11 mmHg和8 mmHg。

在这项研究中,既没有改变饮食习惯,也没锻炼的人,收缩压和舒张压也平均分别降低3 mmHg和4 mmHg。

到了试验末了,那些既改变饮食又锻炼减肥的人,仅有15%需要服用降压药;仅吃DASH饮食的人,有23%需要服药;没改变饮食也不锻炼减肥的人,50%需要服药。

“吃点健康的,规律锻炼锻炼,生活方式改善改善能极大减少高血压服药人数,尤其是对那些收缩压在130~160 mmHg和舒张压在80~99 mmHg的人群。”研究者说。

而近期,北京安贞医院在JACC发表的2万人随访20年的研究显示,中青年血压130-139/80-89 mmHg者血管事件明显升高。

因此,每次体检量量血压,如果是在130-139/80-89 mmHg,就需要管管自己的嘴,迈迈自己的腿,掉掉自己的肉了。

美国这项研究中有129例超重或肥胖的40~80岁的高血压患者,血压在130~160/80~99 mmHg,根据美国最新指南,研究之初有多于一半受试者需服用降压药,但这些人在研究期间并没有服用降压药。

受试者被分为3组进行16周的试验:一组DASH饮食+体重管理,其中包括生活行为咨询和每周3次的体力活动监督;另一组仅改变为DASH饮食;第三组对饮食和体力活动都没有加以改变。

原始出处:
Alan Hinderliter, et al. Lifestyle changes reduce the need for blood pressure medications. American Heart Association Meeting Report - Presentation P388. September 08, 2018.

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    2018-09-12 zhaohui6731
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1267915, encodeId=56d5126e91527, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=922f21183d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#AHA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2118, encryptionId=922f21183d, topicName=AHA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bf3d82, createdName=zhaohui6731, createdTime=Wed Sep 12 12:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1291990, encodeId=edff129199041, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9d32981418b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#降压#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98141, encryptionId=9d32981418b, topicName=降压)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f14236, createdName=经常头晕, createdTime=Wed Sep 12 12:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1048237, encodeId=6c65104823e66, content=什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Tue Sep 11 00:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1050298, encodeId=7e2e10502989d, content=运动锻炼应该是健康第一要素,对各类疾病都应该有益。但是国内这方面研究太少, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=jingjing, createdTime=Tue Sep 11 00:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=344420, encodeId=6753344420ed, content=确实如此, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Mon Sep 10 22:08:46 CST 2018, time=2018-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1267915, encodeId=56d5126e91527, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=922f21183d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#AHA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2118, encryptionId=922f21183d, topicName=AHA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bf3d82, createdName=zhaohui6731, createdTime=Wed Sep 12 12:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1291990, encodeId=edff129199041, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9d32981418b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#降压#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98141, encryptionId=9d32981418b, topicName=降压)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f14236, createdName=经常头晕, createdTime=Wed Sep 12 12:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1048237, encodeId=6c65104823e66, content=什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Tue Sep 11 00:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1050298, encodeId=7e2e10502989d, content=运动锻炼应该是健康第一要素,对各类疾病都应该有益。但是国内这方面研究太少, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=jingjing, createdTime=Tue Sep 11 00:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=344420, encodeId=6753344420ed, content=确实如此, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Mon Sep 10 22:08:46 CST 2018, time=2018-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-09-11 CHANGE

    什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1267915, encodeId=56d5126e91527, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=922f21183d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#AHA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2118, encryptionId=922f21183d, topicName=AHA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bf3d82, createdName=zhaohui6731, createdTime=Wed Sep 12 12:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1291990, encodeId=edff129199041, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9d32981418b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#降压#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98141, encryptionId=9d32981418b, topicName=降压)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f14236, createdName=经常头晕, createdTime=Wed Sep 12 12:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1048237, encodeId=6c65104823e66, content=什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Tue Sep 11 00:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1050298, encodeId=7e2e10502989d, content=运动锻炼应该是健康第一要素,对各类疾病都应该有益。但是国内这方面研究太少, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=jingjing, createdTime=Tue Sep 11 00:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=344420, encodeId=6753344420ed, content=确实如此, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Mon Sep 10 22:08:46 CST 2018, time=2018-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-09-11 jingjing

    运动锻炼应该是健康第一要素,对各类疾病都应该有益。但是国内这方面研究太少

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1267915, encodeId=56d5126e91527, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=922f21183d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#AHA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2118, encryptionId=922f21183d, topicName=AHA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=bf3d82, createdName=zhaohui6731, createdTime=Wed Sep 12 12:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1291990, encodeId=edff129199041, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9d32981418b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#降压#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98141, encryptionId=9d32981418b, topicName=降压)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f14236, createdName=经常头晕, createdTime=Wed Sep 12 12:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1048237, encodeId=6c65104823e66, content=什么时候有懒人用的减肥神药?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=94, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Tue Sep 11 00:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1050298, encodeId=7e2e10502989d, content=运动锻炼应该是健康第一要素,对各类疾病都应该有益。但是国内这方面研究太少, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=jingjing, createdTime=Tue Sep 11 00:15:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=344420, encodeId=6753344420ed, content=确实如此, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=98, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=82311653708, createdName=医者仁心5538, createdTime=Mon Sep 10 22:08:46 CST 2018, time=2018-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-09-10 医者仁心5538

    确实如此

    0

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