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JBJS:腰麻下全髋关节置换不必常规留置导尿

2013-09-16 hotstone dxy

对于包括全髋关节置换在内的很多手术而言,尿潴留都是一个常见的并发症。一旦发生尿潴留通常需要间断或留置导尿,而导尿可能导致术后尿路感染的患病率明显增加。有研究证实,尿管留置的时间是尿路感染最大的风险因素,间歇性导尿对尿路感染的风险有累积效应。尿路感染,尤其是手术后的老年患者,可导致血原性败血症,播散到内置物,继发全髋置换术后的假体感染。手术时间较长时,通常都会留置导尿,一方面检测尿量,另一方面也可指

对于包括全髋关节置换在内的很多手术而言,尿潴留都是一个常见的并发症。一旦发生尿潴留通常需要间断或留置导尿,而导尿可能导致术后尿路感染的患病率明显增加。有研究证实,尿管留置的时间是尿路感染最大的风险因素,间歇性导尿对尿路感染的风险有累积效应。尿路感染,尤其是手术后的老年患者,可导致血原性败血症,播散到内置物,继发全髋置换术后的假体感染。
手术时间较长时,通常都会留置导尿,一方面检测尿量,另一方面也可指导液体复苏。关节置换手术一般都会选择椎管内麻醉,以往的观点主张椎管内麻醉应视为留置导尿的适应证。理由是椎管内麻醉后膀胱膨涨感觉缺失,可能导致神经源性膀胱。

留置导尿可防止术后尿潴留,但这并非完全没有风险。除了上文提到的尿路感染,还可导致弛缓性膀胱、残余尿量增加等。术后尿潴留的患病率并没有明确的数据,据估计术后早期拔除或术后不导尿者约在0%-75%之间。【原文下载

目前对于全髋置换是否应该插尿管或留置导尿并没有标准的方案,在很多医院都将留置导尿作为椎管内麻醉的常规操作,以避免神经源性膀胱。然而,插或不插导尿管,尿潴留的发生率到底有多大差别,目前并不明确。

为此,美国费城托马斯杰斐逊大学医院的Miller教授等进行了一项前瞻性随机对照研究,结果显示腰麻下全髋关节置换发生尿潴留的风险较低,并没有必要常规插尿管。该研究发表在2013年8月21日出版的JBJS杂志上。

研究共收集了247例择期行全髋置换的患者,27例患者拒绝加入研究,13例患者不符合纳入标准。207例患者参照图1所示的流程进行随机分配,期间7例患者拒绝其所分配的麻醉方式退出研究。最终入选的200例患者中男性102例,女性98例,平均年龄59岁。试验组93例不插尿管,对照组107例留置导尿。

原文下载

Miller AG, McKenzie J, Greenky M, Shaw E, Gandhi K, Hozack WJ, Parvizi J.Spinal anesthesia: should everyone receive a urinary catheter?: a randomized, prospective study of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty.J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013 Aug 21;95(16):1498-503.

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    2014-04-13 xuyong532
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    2013-11-21 yxch48
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    2013-09-18 qingrejiedu
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