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服用胺碘酮,这8点一定要注意!

2021-12-20 袁雪晴 章丽 哈特瑞姆心脏科普

胺碘酮不是谁想用就能用的!

胺碘酮是20世纪60年代为抗心绞痛而合成并检测的药物,但人们后来发现其具有抗心律失常作用,成为心内科常用药。

但是长期口服胺碘酮的不良反应发生率相对较高,而很多不良反应是由于由长期治疗的药物组织蓄积导致,因此,进行基线检测(也就是服药之前先做一次检查)和定期监测(服药之后定期复查)非常重要。

一、咳嗽、气短及时就诊;复查胸片

长期使用胺碘酮会引起肺部不良反应,其与总累积剂量的关系密切,因此,肺部毒性一般要在胺碘酮治疗开始数月至数年后才会发生;也有在治疗2-3周内发生严重肺部毒性的病例,但相对少见。临床可表现为慢性间质性肺炎,肺间质纤维化。

因此,口服胺碘酮的患者应警惕肺部病变:

治疗开始前检查胸片作为基线参考;

之后无症状患者应每3-6月复查一次胸片;

有咳嗽、气短等相关症状的患者需及时到医院诊治。

二、每3~6个月复查甲状腺功能

有报道显示使用较高剂量的胺碘酮的患者发生甲亢或甲减的风险约20%,剂量较低时的风险也较低,约3%-4%。因此:

开始胺碘酮治疗前患者应接受甲状腺功能检测;

开始胺碘酮治疗后每3-6个月复查一次甲状腺功能,如有异常应停用或换用其他抗心律失常药物。

三、每3~6月复查心电图

胺碘酮可以引起心动过缓和房室结传导阻滞,QT间期延长。但胺碘酮的致心律失常发生率比其他类抗心律失常药物更低。因此:

口服胺碘酮前应进行心电图检查;

之后应每3-6月复查一次心电图。

四、每3~6个月复查肝功能

胺碘酮可以引起肝功能异常,因此口服胺碘酮后应每3-6月复查肝功能,若血清转氨酶水平是基线的2倍以上,考虑诊断为肝炎,大多数患者应停用胺碘酮。

五、畏光、视物模糊要查眼

接受长期胺碘酮治疗的患者会出现角膜微沉着等不良反应;患者如果在用药期间出现畏光和视物模糊等症状,应立即进行眼部复查。在服用胺碘酮期间若无症状,则不需要该检查。

六、餐中服药,减少胃肠道不良反应

胺碘酮引起的胃肠道不良反应大多发生于初始负荷治疗阶段,包括恶心、呕吐、厌食、腹泻和便秘。餐中服药(就是饭吃到一半,把药吃了,再继续吃饭)或降低剂量可减少胃肠道副作用。

七、手抖、走路不稳需就诊

胺碘酮引起的神经毒性包括震颤(典型如大家熟知的帕金森病手抖症状)、共济失调(如走路不稳)、周围神经病伴感觉异常(如触觉、味觉异常),以及睡眠障碍等。出现神经症状的患者应及时停用胺碘酮。

八、不可自行停用药物

最后强调一下:

所谓的停用胺碘酮不是自行停用,而是要经医生诊断,症状确与药物有关后,评估风险获益更改治疗方案,在医生指导下停用.如服药期间出现上述症状,可直接心内科就诊,尽快寻求专科医生指导。

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    2021-12-23 ms3000000884115523

    感谢分享

    0

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    2021-12-20 1256fb1bm59暂无昵称

    谢谢

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    2021-12-20 ms5000000353966274

    谢谢分享,感谢

    0

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