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郭艺芳:年轻人单纯收缩期高血压是否需要药物治疗?

2015-02-02 河北省人民医院 郭艺芳 郭艺芳微博

高血压的表现形式与年龄密切相关。老年高血压患者常表现为单纯收缩期高血压(ISH),而年轻患者中单纯舒张压增高更为常见。然而,少数年轻人也可以表现为ISH,这些患者是否需要药物治疗尚存争议。 O'Rourke等认为,年轻人与老年人ISH的血流动力学机制有所不同[1]:老年人ISH多由主动脉弹性降低所致,常伴中心动脉压力增高,因而具有显著的临床危害,需要积极治疗。年轻ISH患者的中心动脉压力

高血压的表现形式与年龄密切相关。老年高血压患者常表现为单纯收缩期高血压(ISH),而年轻患者中单纯舒张压增高更为常见。然而,少数年轻人也可以表现为ISH,这些患者是否需要药物治疗尚存争议。

O'Rourke等认为,年轻人与老年人ISH的血流动力学机制有所不同[1]:老年人ISH多由主动脉弹性降低所致,常伴中心动脉压力增高,因而具有显著的临床危害,需要积极治疗。年轻ISH患者的中心动脉压力多正常,其肱动脉压增高由中心动脉压力波过度放大所致。由于目前尚缺乏证据表明年轻人ISH具有临床危害,也无证据支持对于此类患者进行降压药物治疗可以改善临床预后,因而不建议对其予以药物治疗。2013年ESH/ESC动脉高血压管理指南采纳了上述观点,不建议为年轻ISH患者进行降压药物治疗,只推荐生活方式干预[2]。

然而,Yano等新近发表的一项大型研究却对上述观点提出质疑[3]。该研究共纳入27081例年龄18~49岁的受试者,均已除外确诊冠心病或接受降压药物治疗者。根据基线血压水平将受试者分为5组:理想血压组(收缩压<130mmHg,舒张压<85mmHg);正常高值血压组(130-139/85-89mmHg);ISH组(收缩压≥140mmHg,且舒张压<90mmHg);单纯舒张期高血压组(收缩压<140,且舒张压≥90mmHg);收缩期/舒张期高血压组(收缩压≥140 mmHg且舒张压≥90mmHg)。平均随访31年后结果显示,共1728例患者死于心血管疾病(其中1168例患者死于冠心病,223例死于卒中)。对各亚组受试者数据进行分析发现,与理想血压组相比,ISH患者发生心血管死亡和冠心病死亡的风险分别增高23%和28%(均达到统计学显著性差异)。本研究结论认为,青中年ISH患者的心血管死亡与冠心病死亡风险明显增高。由于这一研究所纳入受试者样本量较大,且随访时间较长,故其结果对于年轻ISH患者的治疗策略具有重要参考价值。迄今为止,尚无专门针对年轻ISH患者所进行的随机化临床试验,因此是否应对其进行药物治疗仍不明确。2013年ESH/ESC高血压指南认为年轻ISH“相对良性”,故不主张药物干预。

但Yano等的研究结果却得出不同结论。当然,仅此一项研究不足以作为支持药物干预的依据。在获取更多证据之前,对年轻ISH患者的干预策略仍应以生活方式干预为主要措施。若经过积极干预其收缩压仍不能得到满意控制,进行适度的降压药物治疗也是合理的。

原始出处:

1. 0'Rourke MF, AdjiA. Guidelines on guidelines: focus on isolated systolic hypertension in youth. J Hypertens, 2013, 31(4): 649-654

2. Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, et al. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension.J Hypertens, 2013, 31(7):1281-1357

3. Yano Y, Stamler l, Garside DB, et al. Isolated Systolic Hypertension in Young and middle- Aged Adults and 31-Year risk for Cardiovascular Mortality: The Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015; 65(4): 327-335

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    2015-02-17 chinayinhan

    已阅

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    2015-02-15 午夜星河

    明白

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    2015-02-02 黄庆

    需要!

    0

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长城会:陈鲁原教授老年单纯收缩期高血压(ISH)规范治疗

ISH的发病机制及主要临床特点随着年龄的增长,主动脉管壁变得越来越僵硬。老年人由于主动脉壁的僵硬,被动扩张和回缩均不足,导致舒张压低。血管顺应性减低,会使收缩压升高12%~18%,舒张压降低12%~24%,脉压差增大。另外,因潜在的血管收缩所导致,即小动脉收缩以帮助在收缩期阻抗血流,因此收缩压升高脉压差增加。 ISH患者存在收缩压增高为主、脉压增大、血压的变异性增大的特点。随着年龄增长,

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