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轻松掌握:甲亢和甲减如何治疗?

2016-07-16 王维波 医学界内分泌频道

甲状腺虽然小,却是人体非常重要的内分泌器官。它位于甲状软骨下方,气管两旁,很多人认为甲状腺形似蝴蝶,犹如盾甲,故以此命名。甲状腺的主要功能是合成甲状腺激素,调节机体的基础代谢,影响机体的正常生长发育,临床上常见的甲状腺疾病为甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢)和甲状腺功能减退(甲减)。一个是“亢”,一个是“减”,该如何治疗呢?甲亢的治疗:甲亢,是指甲状腺腺体本身功能亢进、合成和分泌甲状腺激素增多,主要临床表现为

甲状腺虽然小,却是人体非常重要的内分泌器官。它位于甲状软骨下方,气管两旁,很多人认为甲状腺形似蝴蝶,犹如盾甲,故以此命名。




甲状腺的主要功能是合成甲状腺激素,调节机体的基础代谢,影响机体的正常生长发育,临床上常见的甲状腺疾病为甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢)和甲状腺功能减退(甲减)。一个是“亢”,一个是“减”,该如何治疗呢?


甲亢的治疗:


甲亢,是指甲状腺腺体本身功能亢进、合成和分泌甲状腺激素增多,主要临床表现为高代谢症状,如烦躁、失眠、乏力多汗等,严重者可出现甲亢危象、昏迷甚至危及生命;也存在少数老年患者高代谢症状不典型,仅表现为乏力、厌食、抑郁、嗜睡、称淡漠型甲亢




目前甲亢一般治疗包括休息、补充营养热量等,治疗主要包括三种方式抗甲状腺药物(ATD)同位素碘(I131)手术治疗,目前我国主要以药物治疗为主,而国外更多选择I131治疗为主,现比较下三种治疗方法的不同之处。



(甲亢三种治疗方法比较,点击可看大图)

甲减的治疗:


甲减,是指由于甲状腺激素合成和分泌减少、或组织利用不足导致的全身代谢减低综合征。病因主要为自身免疫性损伤、甲状腺破坏、甲状腺激素合成障碍、缺碘或服药某些药物等。


临床上按照甲状腺功能减低的程度分为临床甲减亚临床甲减。主要表现为畏寒、嗜睡、体重增加、便秘、记忆力减退等,严重者可出现黏液性水肿昏迷等危险情况。




1,亚临床甲减的治疗:


亚临床甲减一般不需治疗,但如果促甲状腺素(TSH)>10mI/UL,结合患者病情,可选择补充甲状腺激素治疗。


2,临床甲减的治疗:


一般需要终身服用补充甲状腺激素的药物。


早期轻型病例,以口服甲状腺片或左甲状腺素为主;中、晚期重型病例,除口服甲状腺片或左旋甲状腺素外,需对症治疗如给氧、输液、控制感染、控制心力衰竭等。


3,两种临床常用药物——甲状腺片左甲状腺素钠的不同:



(点击可看大图)

参考文献:

《甲状腺疾病诊治指南》

《妊娠和产后甲状腺疾病诊治指南》


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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=131994, encodeId=1275131994ce, content=文章很好,非常有益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Sep 21 08:12:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=93786, encodeId=972793e8625, content=学习学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Jul 20 11:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=93566, encodeId=29a69356648, content=值得一读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zGdN1x8J6HqtUI2Gpibk3sfIIBhZchAhjoiaCQlficdtQTnEqYncy3GVEMPIOJwD7t0mO2KfYGMgkIg/0, createdBy=86081727811, createdName=4546wk, createdTime=Tue Jul 19 11:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=93565, encodeId=27d7935655e, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=158, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zGdN1x8J6HqtUI2Gpibk3sfIIBhZchAhjoiaCQlficdtQTnEqYncy3GVEMPIOJwD7t0mO2KfYGMgkIg/0, createdBy=86081727811, createdName=4546wk, createdTime=Tue Jul 19 11:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1341300, encodeId=7b37134130055, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0cb769e593b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#甲减#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69759, encryptionId=0cb769e593b, topicName=甲减)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d47b2500175, createdName=12498cf9m35(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Jul 18 10:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-21 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章很好,非常有益

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=131994, encodeId=1275131994ce, content=文章很好,非常有益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Sep 21 08:12:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=93786, encodeId=972793e8625, content=学习学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Jul 20 11:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=93566, encodeId=29a69356648, content=值得一读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zGdN1x8J6HqtUI2Gpibk3sfIIBhZchAhjoiaCQlficdtQTnEqYncy3GVEMPIOJwD7t0mO2KfYGMgkIg/0, createdBy=86081727811, createdName=4546wk, createdTime=Tue Jul 19 11:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=93565, encodeId=27d7935655e, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=158, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zGdN1x8J6HqtUI2Gpibk3sfIIBhZchAhjoiaCQlficdtQTnEqYncy3GVEMPIOJwD7t0mO2KfYGMgkIg/0, createdBy=86081727811, createdName=4546wk, createdTime=Tue Jul 19 11:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1341300, encodeId=7b37134130055, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0cb769e593b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#甲减#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69759, encryptionId=0cb769e593b, topicName=甲减)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d47b2500175, createdName=12498cf9m35(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Jul 18 10:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-07-20 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    学习学习!

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=131994, encodeId=1275131994ce, content=文章很好,非常有益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Sep 21 08:12:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=93786, encodeId=972793e8625, content=学习学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Jul 20 11:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=93566, encodeId=29a69356648, content=值得一读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zGdN1x8J6HqtUI2Gpibk3sfIIBhZchAhjoiaCQlficdtQTnEqYncy3GVEMPIOJwD7t0mO2KfYGMgkIg/0, createdBy=86081727811, createdName=4546wk, createdTime=Tue Jul 19 11:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=93565, encodeId=27d7935655e, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=158, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zGdN1x8J6HqtUI2Gpibk3sfIIBhZchAhjoiaCQlficdtQTnEqYncy3GVEMPIOJwD7t0mO2KfYGMgkIg/0, createdBy=86081727811, createdName=4546wk, createdTime=Tue Jul 19 11:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1341300, encodeId=7b37134130055, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0cb769e593b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#甲减#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69759, encryptionId=0cb769e593b, topicName=甲减)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d47b2500175, createdName=12498cf9m35(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Jul 18 10:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-07-19 4546wk

    值得一读

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=131994, encodeId=1275131994ce, content=文章很好,非常有益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Sep 21 08:12:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=93786, encodeId=972793e8625, content=学习学习!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=138, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=93f31631454, createdName=1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Jul 20 11:46:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=93566, encodeId=29a69356648, content=值得一读, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zGdN1x8J6HqtUI2Gpibk3sfIIBhZchAhjoiaCQlficdtQTnEqYncy3GVEMPIOJwD7t0mO2KfYGMgkIg/0, createdBy=86081727811, createdName=4546wk, createdTime=Tue Jul 19 11:56:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=93565, encodeId=27d7935655e, content=文章不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=158, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/mONcle9pic3zGdN1x8J6HqtUI2Gpibk3sfIIBhZchAhjoiaCQlficdtQTnEqYncy3GVEMPIOJwD7t0mO2KfYGMgkIg/0, createdBy=86081727811, createdName=4546wk, createdTime=Tue Jul 19 11:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1341300, encodeId=7b37134130055, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0cb769e593b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#甲减#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=69759, encryptionId=0cb769e593b, topicName=甲减)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d47b2500175, createdName=12498cf9m35(暂无昵称), createdTime=Mon Jul 18 10:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-07-19 4546wk

    文章不错

    0

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研究者检索了PubMed、EMBASE等数据库,纳入了关于突眼性甲状腺肿使用免疫抑制治疗的随机或对照试验,进行系统回顾和荟萃分析,以明确免疫抑制药物对突眼性甲状腺肿患者复发率的影响。以甲亢复发作为主要的终点。次要终点包括甲状腺体积的减小和TSH受体抗体 [TRAb] 水平的下降。最终纳入了7项研究,涉及862名参与者。纳入的大多数试验样本量小,偏倚风险大。免疫抑制药物组(n=481)和对照组相比(

Thyroid:Graves'' 病孕妇使用碘剂可能是安全的

临床上通常使用抗甲状腺药物控制Graves' 患者的甲亢症状。先前有研究表明,孕早期使用甲硫咪唑(MMI) 会增加胎儿特定的先天性畸形的发生率,通常为MMI胚胎病。近期有研究表明孕期使用丙基硫氧嘧啶(PTU) 同样会导致胎儿先天性畸形风险的增加。研究者进行了一项研究,调查对孕早期使用碘化钾(KI)代替MMI,能不能减少持续使用MMI造成的胎儿先天性畸形发生率。其中有283名 Graves' 病(G

Thyroid:注意了!!女性孕早期甲状腺功能会影响子女的学习

有研究表明,孕妇甲状腺功能减退和/或低甲状腺素血症会导致儿童神经发育不良,不过也有研究得出不一致的结果。研究者进行了一项研究,在孕早期(mean±SD 10.7+-2.8周孕)获取孕妇血液样本 (n=5791),以及后代16岁时血液样本(n=5829)。在后代8岁时通过老师评价参与者在学校的表现等,在其16岁时自我评价表现。根据参与者健康记录等识别可能的严重的智力缺损或轻度认知受限。研究结果显示,

这些疾病面容,你都见过吗 ?

临床中,特别是在急诊科工作的人,通过识别患者的面容,就能够对疾病诊治有一个明确的方向。

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