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JAMA Psychiatry:读书、下棋、搓麻!香港中文大学团队证实,老年人坚持参与智力活动可使痴呆风险下降三成

2018-06-05 谭硕 奇点网

近期的《美国医学会杂志-精神病学》(JAMA Psychiatry)上,香港中文大学的研究团队用一项涉及1.5万名中国老人的临床研究,为预防痴呆支了一招:老年人长期参与用脑的业余活动,不管是读书看报还是打牌下棋搓麻将,能使痴呆发病风险下降29%!

近期的《美国医学会杂志-精神病学》(JAMA Psychiatry)上,香港中文大学的研究团队用一项涉及1.5万名中国老人的临床研究,为预防痴呆支了一招:老年人长期参与用脑的业余活动,不管是读书看报还是打牌下棋搓麻将,能使痴呆发病风险下降29%!

说到老年痴呆的罪魁祸首,大家应该都清楚那个让人类久攻不克,无数钞票砸向药物研发,却连个响都听不见的阿尔茨海默病……如果罪魁祸首还难以降服,那就退而求其次吧,既然阿尔茨海默病的发病率能通过控制高血压、肥胖等危险因素来降低,那痴呆是不是也能实现一定程度的预防呢?

不再需要工作的老人们,业余生活的选择也挺多样。要想和人接触,就走亲访友、成群闲谈甚至做做义工;不想脑子闲着,就坚持读书看报,或者下棋打牌;再不行还能在家里看电视喝茶吧?不少科学家试图从这一角度入手来预防痴呆,而最容易想到的选择,就是锻炼大脑认知功能的业余活动了。

近年来不断有研究显示,读书看报打牌等需要用脑的各种业余活动,的确可以起到一定的预防痴呆效果,但这些研究都有不少共同的缺点:难以排除生活方式,如饮食、锻炼等因素的影响,没有将用脑活动和其他活动明确区分,未对受试者中的早期痴呆人群进行排除等等。

那就把队列设计得尽量严谨吧。基于此前的研究,香港中文大学的研究团队邀请了2005年上半年到访香港卫生署18所长者健康中心的1.8万余名65岁以上老年人,以调查问卷的形式收集他们业余活动的资料,同时用量表的方式排除了疑似痴呆前期的老年人,此后定期随访,评价不同方式防痴呆的效果。

研究团队将受试者填写的业余活动分类如下:练脑的智力活动包括看书、报、杂志,下棋、打牌或麻将,还有香港特有的赌马;社交活动包括参与义工、去老年活动中心、走亲访友和参与宗教活动;看电视、听收音机、购物、喝早茶等活动则被归类为了其他娱乐项目。

为了统计时排除各种混杂因素的干扰,调查问卷还对老人们的年龄、性别、受教育程度、慢性病患病情况、饮食、锻炼、吸烟饮酒等各种信息进行了详细的收集。共有1.5万余名老年人完成了全程5年的随访,在他们当中,有1349人在随访期间被确诊为痴呆,占到整体的8.7%。

研究团队的统计显示:坚持用脑的智力活动对老人们并不容易,只有69%的老人能从研究开始一直坚持5年到结束,但这样的坚持也是有价值的,在将生活方式、受教育程度等相关因素列入调整后,这些坚持用脑的老人痴呆发病的风险,比参加社交活动和其他娱乐项目的老人低了29%!

笑一笑十年少,说不定脑子还能好~

对这一结果,哈佛大学的两位专家在特约评论中表示:“本次研究的设计是相当严谨的,通过对业余活动的严格分类和受试者状况的详尽调查,得出了非常可靠的数据。由于对老年人组织同类型的临床试验是几乎不可能的事,队列研究已经足以证明参与智力活动在预防痴呆方面的效果。”

前两天奇点糕提过,运动延缓痴呆进展的效果可能不尽如人意:BMJ:真是太糟糕了!牛津大学科学家发现,运动不仅不能延缓轻到中度痴呆患者的认知障碍,反而有可能加重病情 | 临床大发现,但世上办法总是千千万嘛。多参加点业余活动还能丰富老人们的晚年时光,何乐而不为呢?

原始出处:

1.Lee A C, Richards M, Chan W C, et al. Association of daily intellectual activities with lower risk of incident dementia among older chinese adults[J]. JAMA Psychiatry, 2018.

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    2018-06-05 183****7028

    学习

    0

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    2018-06-05 大爰

    学习了谢谢分享!!

    0

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    2018-06-05 1dd8c52fm63(暂无匿称)

    了解了解.学习学习

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    2018-06-05 12225669m29暂无昵称

    学习

    0

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