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Biomaterials:有生命的生物假肢!

2015-06-05 佚名 生物谷

美国马萨诸塞州总医院(MGH)的一队研究人员已经取得了迈向可移植的生物人工置换四肢发展的关键第一步!在这项发表在Biomaterials杂志上的研究中,研究人员描述了如何使用之前用于构建生物人工器官的方法构造大鼠具有正常血管和肌肉组织的前肢。他们还提供证据表明,同样的方法可以适用于灵长类动物的四肢。 “我们四肢的组成使得建立一个具有完整功能的生物替代产品尤其具有挑战性,”MGH外科和再生医学中

美国马萨诸塞州总医院(MGH)的一队研究人员已经取得了迈向可移植的生物人工置换四肢发展的关键第一步!在这项发表在Biomaterials杂志上的研究中,研究人员描述了如何使用之前用于构建生物人工器官的方法构造大鼠具有正常血管和肌肉组织的前肢。他们还提供证据表明,同样的方法可以适用于灵长类动物的四肢。

“我们四肢的组成使得建立一个具有完整功能的生物替代产品尤其具有挑战性,”MGH外科和再生医学中心的Harald Ott博士表示,“四肢包含肌肉、骨、软骨、血管、腱、韧带和神经——每一部分都需要被重建并需要特定的基质结构支撑。”研究人员表示他们的功能保持所有这些组织和彼此之间都处于自然状态,而且在长时间内保持整个结构的培养,并且重新构建了血管系统和肌肉。

美国有超过150万个人失去了肢体,虽然假肢技术已有大的进步,这些设备仍然有许多限制,无论在功能还是外观方面。在过去的二十年中,一些患者接受供体手移植,虽然手术可以显著改善生活质量,不过受捐者需要冒着终生免疫抑制治疗的风险。虽然患者本身提取的祖细胞重新生成的肢体组织部分这种方法有移植的潜力,但是问题在于缺少了基质或支架,细胞不能长成相应的组织。

这篇研究中,Ott带领的研究队伍将活细胞从供体器官使用洗涤液提取去除,剥离出基质,然后将适合于特定器官的祖细胞重新填充入基质。研究人员曾经用这种脱细胞技术再生出适用与动物模型的肾脏、肝脏、心脏和肺,但这是第一次报道设计出复杂的生物人工肢体组织。 

研究人员通过血管灌注洗涤溶液,将处死大鼠的前肢上的所有细胞结构清除,但保存主要脉管和神经基质。这需要一周的时间才能彻底清除前肢上的细胞残留。与此同时,培养肌肉和血管细胞群。研究小组随后将前肢的基质放入生物反应器中培养,在这里面向肢干的主要血管注入血管细胞,以再生静脉和动脉。肌肉祖细胞直接注射到基质鞘(Matrix Sheaths,基质鞘定义每个肌肉的具体位置)。培养五天后,向肢干施加电刺激,以进一步促进肌肉的形成,并在两周后,将肢干从生物反应器移出。

对生物人工肢干的分析证实了沿血管壁的血管细胞存在,肌肉细胞也排列成一定的纤维,分布在肌肉基质中。 肢体的功能测试表明,对肌纤维的电刺激导致它们达到新生动物肌肉收缩强度的80%。移植到受体动物的前肢血管系统迅速充满了血液并持续循环,移植后的肌肉收到电刺激,能驱动手腕的弯曲。研究小组还成功在狒狒前臂上使用相同方法,证实了在人类患者上这一方法的可行性。 

Ott博士指出,他们当前面临的一个挑战是在一个移植肢体上重新生长神经并整合到受体的神经系统。在临床肢体移植术中,一般神经能够生长到移植肢体中,达到运动和感觉的目的。这个过程主要是通过移植体内的神经基质引导完成。研究人员表示希望这种方式同样适用于生物人工肢干。同时下一步,他们会将这种方法复制到人体肌肉细胞再生,并扩大到其他组织类型,如骨、软骨和结缔组织。

原始出处:

Bernhard J. Jankb, c, Linjie Xiongb, Philipp T. Moserb, c, Jacques P. Guyetteb, c, Xi Renb, c, Curtis L. Cetruloc, d, David A. Leonardc, d, Leopoldo Fernandezb, Shawn P. Fagane, Harald C. Otta.Engineered composite tissue as a bioartificial limb graft.Biomaterials, May 22, 2015.doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.04.051

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    2015-07-24 sunylz
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2049970, encodeId=bf7d20499e09f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cbdd3451e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Biomaterials#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3451, encryptionId=cbdd3451e3, topicName=Biomaterials)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8e0333, createdName=zhangyxzsh, createdTime=Tue Nov 24 12:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1917162, encodeId=88a9191e1627f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Fri Jul 24 15:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1529883, encodeId=dd4b1529883a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b6dc2e58131' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#假肢#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=27581, encryptionId=b6dc2e58131, topicName=假肢)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e67711977428, createdName=xlwang2695, createdTime=Sun Jun 07 00:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26165, encodeId=24332616554, content=传感器的发展能够使假肢变得更加人性智能了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Jun 06 13:14:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-06-07 xlwang2695
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2049970, encodeId=bf7d20499e09f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cbdd3451e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Biomaterials#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3451, encryptionId=cbdd3451e3, topicName=Biomaterials)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8e0333, createdName=zhangyxzsh, createdTime=Tue Nov 24 12:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-11-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1917162, encodeId=88a9191e1627f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f26341994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Bio#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3419, encryptionId=4f26341994, topicName=Bio)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=12de429, createdName=sunylz, createdTime=Fri Jul 24 15:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-07-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1529883, encodeId=dd4b1529883a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b6dc2e58131' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#假肢#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=27581, encryptionId=b6dc2e58131, topicName=假肢)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=e67711977428, createdName=xlwang2695, createdTime=Sun Jun 07 00:27:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=26165, encodeId=24332616554, content=传感器的发展能够使假肢变得更加人性智能了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c4a5105539, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sat Jun 06 13:14:00 CST 2015, time=2015-06-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-06-06 lovetcm

    传感器的发展能够使假肢变得更加人性智能了

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