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circulation:美国心脏协会声明称,健康饮食有防病功效,饭应该这么吃

2018-06-09 文韬 中国循环杂志

越来越多的科学证据表明,饮食质量差可导致肥胖和心血管疾病,而临床对于有动脉粥样硬化心血管疾病的患者,都建议采用健康饮食习惯。

越来越多的科学证据表明,饮食质量差可导致肥胖和心血管疾病,而临床对于有动脉粥样硬化心血管疾病的患者,都建议采用健康饮食习惯。

但关于饮食咨询,医学营养教育和培训方面存在巨大差距。为此美国心脏协会发布科学声明,以加强医师教育和营养培训,目的是减少动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病造成的健康和经济负担。

声明指出,大型前瞻性队列研究和随机试验已证实,多吃水果、蔬菜、绿叶蔬菜、全谷类食物、鱼类、坚果、种子和豆类,少喝含糖饮料、精制谷物和红肉及加工肉类可降低动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病风险。

增加或降低动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病风险的饮食包括:

1、 饱和脂肪和反式脂肪可升高血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,增加冠心病或全因死亡风险。

2、 用单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸替代饱和脂肪,可降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,以及冠心病和总死亡率,

3、 用单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸替代精制碳水化合物,也可降低甘油三酯、高血糖或动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病风险。

4、精制谷物和添加糖的碳水化合物,特别是含糖饮料,与肥胖、血脂异常、胰岛素抵抗和动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病风险相关,尤其是当糖负荷增加时。

5、用全谷物碳水化合物替代精制碳水化合物,可降低肥胖、胰岛素抵抗、动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病风险和总死亡率。基于植物的富含纤维和高水果、蔬菜饮食、豆类以及全谷物代替总脂肪时,冠状动脉风险降低。

6、 植物来源(豆类,豆类,坚果和种子)和鱼类的蛋白质,可降低动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病风险。

7、加工肉类(如熟肉,培根,香肠,热狗)增加动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病风险。

原始出处:
Aspry KE, Van Horn L, Carson JAS, et al.Medical Nutrition Education, Training, and Competencies to Advance Guideline-Based Diet Counseling by Physicians: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association.Circulation. 2018 Jun 5;137(23):e821-e841. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000563. Epub 2018 Apr 30.

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    2018-06-22 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

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    2018-06-14 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

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    2018-06-10 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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    2018-06-09 1e0f8808m18(暂无匿称)

    科学合理饮食有利健康.

    0

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    2018-06-09 zdvfsadb

    学习了

    0

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