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Transl Psychi:别让足球成为抑郁的帮凶

2017-11-27 佚名 大话精神

对于球迷来说,或许几十年如一日的等待成就的不仅是工匠精神,还有可能是抑郁症,毕竟能从不断的失败中走出来并非易事。但对于当事者而言,他们可能承受的压力更大。

对于中国的球迷而言,国足的每一个进球都足以让生命再次怒放。

对于球迷来说,或许几十年如一日的等待成就的不仅是工匠精神,还有可能是抑郁症,毕竟能从不断的失败中走出来并非易事。但对于当事者而言,他们可能承受的压力更大。

足坛向来不乏抑郁症

2011年11月27日,时任威尔士队教练斯皮德(Gary Speed)在家中自缢身亡。

斯皮德的母亲曾对《威尔士报》说:“假如当年他不是一名球员,也许这一切都不会发生。”2012年,斯皮德姐姐莱斯利将斯皮德的抑郁与焦虑告诉了人们,他一直保持的坚强、成功和自信与他内心里抑郁、失落相互抵触。抑郁症如同光明里隐匿的黑狗,一点点吞噬了这个男人的心。但直到最后,加里-斯皮德也没有告知人们自己的痛苦,他对待人生就像他对待足球一样的理想、完美主义。

此外,16岁就被热刺看中选入青训营的英国球员里昂斯,因未能得到热刺合同而患上抑郁症,于2013年选择卧轨自杀;2009年,德国天才门神恩克,因抑郁症选择卧轨自杀;曾经被誉为德国最有才华的球员,球迷的宠儿代斯勒因无情的膝伤令状态一落千丈,最终患上抑郁症,年仅26岁选择退役;2012年,效力于釜山公园队的郑敏亨在汽车中身亡,警方在车内找到了郑敏亨的遗书,认定是悲观性格导致的忧郁症引起的自杀......

12岁之前参与足球比赛更容易罹患抑郁

相对于12岁之后踢球的人来说,在12岁以前就开始踢足球的人,其情感淡漠和抑郁症状的风险是前者的两倍。

一项对足球运动员的神经精神评估研究发现,在12岁之前开始进行这项运动的人比那些在12岁之后开始的人更容易表现出抑郁和情感淡漠的症状。这种联系独立于球员的当前年龄,足球比赛持续时间,或学习障碍史。

波士顿大学公共卫生学院生物统计学副教授Yorghos Tripodis博士说,“研究结果表明,如果有两个相同年龄的足球运动员,他们有相同的命中次数,只不过其中一人从12岁开始踢球,而另一人从17岁开始,那么从12岁开始踢球的人有更大的行为问题风险。”

之前的研究已经发现早期足球运动与之后的精神障碍、认知问题及神经退行性疾病(慢性创伤性脑病,CTE)有关联。虽然这些研究主要是在职业足球运动员中进行的,但Tripodis及其同事的研究也包括许多在高中或大学停止踢球的业余足球运动员。调查结果表明,即使在青少年时期短暂的踢球经历,也可能会产生长期影响。

研究人员对214名业余和职业足球运动员的数据进行分析,他们是正在进行的一项名为“神经退行性疾病证据收集的纵向研究”(LEGEND)的一部分。这些前运动员(平均年龄50岁)进行了一系列年度认知测试和情绪测试,包括通过电话进行成人简明认知功能测试(BTACT)、执行功能行为评定量表-成人版、流调中心抑郁量表和情感淡漠评定量表。

重大进展:CTE可能具有生物标记物

Triporei及其同事在对这种神秘的神经退行性疾病研究时取得了重要进展。通过比较具有CTE的已故足球运动员的脑组织样本,并与阿尔兹海默病患者和健康对照者的样本进行比较,他们鉴定了潜在的CTE生物标志物:CCL11蛋白。

这种蛋白在CTE组中水平升高,但在阿尔茨海默病样品中没有变化,并且CCL11的含量与所踢足球的年数相关。CCL11也存在于脑脊液(CSF)样品中,作者建议测量CSF中的CCL11可能有助于诊断CTE。不过,他们还提醒说,这是一个非常初步的分析,只评估了一部分捐赠大脑。该研究结果于9月26日在《PLoS One》杂志上发表。

当调查人员根据初次接触足球的年龄将他们分组后,他们发现在12岁之前开始上场的球员的执行功能和情感淡漠测试得分是之后年龄组的两倍,而抑郁得分更高,约为三倍。

Tripodis说,之所以将12岁作为分水岭,是因为有文献指出,10到12岁是男性大脑成熟的关键时期,在这段时间内完成重要的神经连接,特别是情绪调节区域。早期接触足球比赛是“一个重要的风险因素,但并不是唯一的风险因素。所遭遇的累积打击次数也是一个问题,所以无论你什么时候开始,都有行为问题的风险。”

按照同样的标准,很多在青少年时期踢足球的参赛者的测试成绩都是正常的,所以早期暴露于足球并不能有明确的结论。

有趣的是,使用BTACT评估发现,早期暴露于足球并不会对认知有显著影响。这与2015年的一项研究刚好相反——早期的足球比赛与老年职业球员的记忆问题有关。Tripodis推测,或许因为BTACT是简短的电话采访,可能不够全面,难以捕捉到微妙的认知问题。他说,这是一个需要进一步探索的领域。

Tripodis也提醒说,这项工作虽然涉及到足球运动员,但并没有对足球暴露年龄与神经退行性疾病做出任何结论和联系。CTE只有在死后才能被诊断出来,尽管参与者中有很多症状与CTE有关,但也可能是其他疾病导致的。

运动有益心理健康和身体健康,但也得注意方式方法!

原始出处:
M L Alosco, A B Kasimis, J M Stamm, et al. Age of first exposure to American football and long-term neuropsychiatric and cognitive outcomes. Translational Psychiatry. Sep 2017.

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    2018-09-10 bsmagic9140
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    2017-11-29 sunfeifeiyang

    学习

    0

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    2017-11-28 神功盖世

    足球抑郁

    0

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    2017-11-28 sunfeifeiyang

    足球致抑郁.?

    0

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    2017-11-27 135****7952平儿

    学了.......

    0

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    2017-11-27 惠映实验室

    学习了.谢谢.

    0

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