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心脏疾病的这些症状怎么解释 ?

2016-07-06 佚名 医学之声

心脏疾病没有单一的特异症状,只是某些症状能暗示心脏病存在的可能性,但当几种症状同时出现时,常能得到几乎肯定的诊断。医师首先透过病史和身体检查进行诊断。然后经过检验室检查来确认诊断、评估疾病的严重程度以及帮助拟定治疗计划。然而,有时严重的心脏病患者,甚至在疾病晚期也可能没有症状。常规健康体检或因其他疾病而就诊时也有可能不会发现这些无症状的心脏病。 心脏疾病症状包括:某种类型的胸痛、气促、乏

心脏疾病没有单一的特异症状,只是某些症状能暗示心脏病存在的可能性,但当几种症状同时出现时,常能得到几乎肯定的诊断。医师首先透过病史和身体检查进行诊断。然后经过检验室检查来确认诊断、评估疾病的严重程度以及帮助拟定治疗计划。然而,有时严重的心脏病患者,甚至在疾病晚期也可能没有症状。常规健康体检或因其他疾病而就诊时也有可能不会发现这些无症状的心脏病。
 
心脏疾病症状包括:某种类型的胸痛、气促、乏力、心悸(常显示心跳减慢、增快或不规则)、头晕目眩、晕厥等。然而,出现这些症状并非必然存在心脏病。例如:胸痛可能显示心脏病,但也可发生在呼吸系统疾病和胃肠道疾病。
 
疼痛
 
心肌不能获得足够的血液和氧(称为心肌缺血)以及过多代谢产物堆积都能导致痉挛。常说的心绞痛就是由于心肌不能获得足够的血液供应而产生的一种胸部紧缩感或压迫感。然而,在不同的个体之间,这种疼痛或不适感的类型和程度都有很大的差异。有些患者在心肌缺血时,可能始终没有胸痛发生(称为隐匿性心肌缺血)。
 
如果其他肌肉组织(特别是腓肠肌)不能获得足够的血液供应,患者常在运动中感到肌肉紧缩感和乏力性疼痛(间歇性跛行)。
 
心包炎(心脏周围囊腔的炎症或损伤)所导致的疼痛常在病人平卧时加重,而在坐位或前倾位时减轻,运动不会使疼痛加重。由于可能存在胸膜炎,故呼吸可能会加重或减轻病人的疼痛。
 
当动脉撕裂或破裂时,病人出现剧痛,这种疼痛来去匆匆且可能与身体活动无关。有时这种病损可能发生在大动脉,特别是主动脉。主动脉的过度伸展或膨隆部分(动脉瘤)突然出现渗漏,或者内膜轻度撕裂,血液渗漏入主动脉夹层。这些损害可导致突然的严重疼痛。疼痛可发生在颈后、肩胛间区、下背部或腹部。
 
左心室收缩时,位于左心房和左心室之间的一组瓣膜可能会脱向左心房(二尖瓣脱垂),这种病人有时可出现短暂发作的刺痛,通常这种疼痛位于左乳下,且与体位和活动无关。
 
气喘
 
气喘是心力衰竭的常见症状,是液体渗出到肺脏中肺泡间质的结果,称为肺充血或肺水肿,类似溺水。在心力衰竭的早期,气促只出现在体力活动时。随着心衰的加重,轻微活动时也发生气喘,直至静息状态下都出现气喘。卧位时液体渗到整个肺脏,而站立位时由于重力作用液体主要分布在双肺底部,故心衰竭病人卧位时发生气喘或加重而站立位时症状减轻。夜间阵发性呼吸困难是病人夜间平卧时发生的气促,站立后可减轻。
 
气喘不只见于心脏疾病,罹患肺部疾病、呼吸道肌肉疾病以及影响呼吸过程的神经系统疾病亦可出现气喘。任何导致氧供与氧需失衡的疾病或状态,如贫血时血液携氧不足或甲状腺亢进时氧耗过度等,皆可致患者气喘。
 
乏力
 
当心脏泵血能力下降时,活动期间流向肌肉的血液不足无法满足需求,此时患者常感到疲乏与倦怠。但这些症状常难以捉摸,不易引起患者的重视。患者常经由逐渐减少活动量来适应或归咎于衰老的表现。
 
心悸
 
通常情况下,人们对自己的心跳没有感觉。但在某些情况下,如剧烈活动后,甚至正常人亦会察觉到自己的心跳非常有力、快速或不规律。经由脉搏触诊或心脏听诊,医生可以证实这些症状。心悸症状是否属于异常,取决于对如下问题的回答:有无诱因、是突然发生或是逐渐发生、心跳频率、是否有心律不整及其严重程度等。心悸与其他症状如气喘、胸痛、乏力和倦怠、眩晕等一道出现时常显示有心律失常或其他严重疾病存在。
 
头晕和晕厥
 
由于心率异常、节律紊乱或泵功能衰竭导致的心输出量减少可引起头晕和晕厥。这些症状也可由大脑或脊髓疾病引起,甚或没有严重的病因。如长久站立的士兵因腿部肌肉活动减少影响血液回流心脏,可能会出现头晕。强烈的情绪波动或疼痛刺激神经系统也可导致头晕和晕厥。医生必须鉴别心因性晕厥与癫痫,后者由大脑疾病引起。


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    2016-10-12 1e0ece0dm09(暂无匿称)

    谢谢分享学习

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=146995, encodeId=3e3f14699575, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K46ZAxBHmHsph32KkfsWGwmickB6RsCUD8KruE4vo5CpvXfdu16GBpp4ibh6WJu1o9iatP1LWKDmvmic/0, createdBy=be6f1940165, createdName=1e0ece0dm09(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Oct 12 16:19:51 CST 2016, time=2016-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=122101, encodeId=a3aa1221018e, content=己拜读,受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Sep 11 08:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1395356, encodeId=931d139535663, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=562b51588e6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心脏疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51588, encryptionId=562b51588e6, topicName=心脏疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49022500195, createdName=12498e0fm78暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Jul 08 02:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=92189, encodeId=d3059218947, content=总结的很全面,涨姿势, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=a37a1710612, createdName=oo902, createdTime=Thu Jul 07 09:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-09-11 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    己拜读,受益匪浅

    0

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=146995, encodeId=3e3f14699575, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5K46ZAxBHmHsph32KkfsWGwmickB6RsCUD8KruE4vo5CpvXfdu16GBpp4ibh6WJu1o9iatP1LWKDmvmic/0, createdBy=be6f1940165, createdName=1e0ece0dm09(暂无匿称), createdTime=Wed Oct 12 16:19:51 CST 2016, time=2016-10-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=122101, encodeId=a3aa1221018e, content=己拜读,受益匪浅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Sep 11 08:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1395356, encodeId=931d139535663, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=562b51588e6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心脏疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51588, encryptionId=562b51588e6, topicName=心脏疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=49022500195, createdName=12498e0fm78暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri Jul 08 02:34:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=92189, encodeId=d3059218947, content=总结的很全面,涨姿势, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=/v1.0.0/img/user_icon.png, createdBy=a37a1710612, createdName=oo902, createdTime=Thu Jul 07 09:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-07-07 oo902

    总结的很全面,涨姿势

    0

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