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Nature:一种新神经退行性疾病被发现 又是基因突变惹的“祸”

2016-12-23 生物360 李易潇 生物360 李易潇

12月21日在线发表在《Nature》上的一项研究显示,来自苏塞克斯大学基因组损伤和稳定研究中心(GDSC)的研究团队发现了一种被称为XRCC1型运动共济失调的神经退行性疾病,这一疾病是由于XRCC1基因的突变扰乱DNA的修复引起的。这一发现将有助于阿尔茨海默病、亨廷顿氏病和帕金森病等神经退行性疾病的研究。英国苏塞克斯大学GDSC研究中心的Keith Caldecott教授领导的研究团队发现XRC

12月21日在线发表在Nature上的一项研究显示,来自苏塞克斯大学基因组损伤和稳定研究中心(GDSC)的研究团队发现了一种被称为XRCC1型运动共济失调的神经退行性疾病,这一疾病是由于XRCC1基因的突变扰乱DNA的修复引起的。这一发现将有助于阿尔茨海默病、亨廷顿氏病和帕金森病等神经退行性疾病的研究。


英国苏塞克斯大学GDSC研究中心的Keith Caldecott教授领导的研究团队发现XRCC1基因的突变与小脑共济失调,眼运动失常和轴突神经病变有关。XRCC1的突变会引起DNA的修复紊乱,触发脑细胞的死亡。

遗传性共济失调(hereditary ataxia, HA)是一大类具有高度临床和遗传异质性、病死率和病残率较高的遗传性神经系统退行性疾病,约占神经系统遗传性疾病的10%~15%。XRCC1型运动共济失调是遗传性共济失调的一种,具有进行性眼动不能的共济失调病症,这种疾病的特点是难以协调运动。患者难以左右移动眼睛,患有眼动不能的人必须转动他们的头部来看到他们的侧面的东西。

人类X射线交错互补修复基因1(X-ray repair cross-complementing gene 1,XRCCl),是一种分子支架蛋白,组装参与DNA单链断裂修复的多蛋白复合物。XRCC1主要参与碱基切除修复途径,作用于DNA损伤修复蛋白,修复DNA的损伤。

研究小组发现,当DNA单链受损时, XRCC1的基因突变导致我们身体中重要的DNA修复酶(称为PARP1)过度激活。在XRCC1型运动共济失调的患者中,PARP1这种关键酶的过度激活实际上触发了脑细胞的死亡。XRCC1的突变与小脑共济失调,眼运动失常和轴突神经病变有关。

单链断裂是最常见的DNA损伤类型之一,研究人员认为,这种新的遗传病的发现可能对研究其他罕见DNA修复相关疾病的科学家很重要。该团队还认为,这些发现最终会对更常见的神经退行性疾病和脑老化疾病(如阿尔茨海默病,亨廷顿氏病和帕金森病)的研究人员有重大意义,因为这可能有助于神经细胞的死亡的研究。

这一研究的领导者Keith Caldecott教授说:“这种新疾病及其诱因的发现让我们向开发其他罕见神经退行性疾病的药物治疗方法迈出了巨大一步。”

通过靶向这种关键DNA修复酶的药物来治疗这一蛋白过度活化引起的疾病, 这些都需要更多的研究,但也有可能的是,这种新发现的病症的原因可能有助于研究阿尔茨海默病,亨廷顿氏病和帕金森病患者神经细胞的死亡。

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    2017-08-18 liye789132251
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    2016-12-24 doctor220

    学习了,非常值得收藏!

    0

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    2016-12-23 laymankey

    厉害

    0

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最近一项研究发现神经细胞间的突触在引起神经退行性疾病的毒性蛋白传播过程中发挥重要作用。这导致毒性蛋白能够在脑部扩散,促进阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病的进展。如果能够找到阻止这些毒性蛋白扩散的方法,神经退行性疾病的进展或可得到延缓。相关研究结果发表在国际学术期刊Cell Reports上。科学家们已经知道在神经退行性疾病发病过程中,毒性蛋白可以在脑

Oncotarget:低剂量电离辐射或也可促进神经退行性疾病的发生

越来越多的人暴露于来自飞机、医疗设备等的电离辐射中,约1/3的诊断性CT扫描了脑部。据发表于Oncotarget的一项新的研究表明,这种辐射或可促进神经退行性疾病(如老年痴呆症)的发生。该研究展示了低剂量电离辐射诱导的大脑中的分子变化,类似阿尔茨海默氏症的病理变化。 最近的数据表明,即使是相对较低的辐射剂量,类似于CT扫描的辐射剂量,可能会触发与认知功能障碍相关的分子变化。 该研究中,

Nature:专题 神经退行性疾病

神经退行性疾病的发病率不断攀升,部分原因在于人类寿命增长,却仍然缺乏治疗此类疾病的方法。11月9日Nature杂志推出了“Neurodegenerative diseases”特刊,探索大脑衰老的机制,介绍了目前针对老年痴呆症、肌萎缩侧索硬化症和帕金森病的研究新进展。同时也揭示了朊蛋白病相关的研究也许扩展到更多常见神经退行性疾病,并为淀粉样蛋白的功能提供新的观点。

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