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Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes:中国心梗患者仅43%认为症状与心脏有关,一半没有及时就医

2018-06-12 卢芳 中国循环杂志

2010年,我国约有800万心梗患者,2030年将飙升到2300万。怎么救治心梗患者成了我国一个重要问题。能否尽快去医院就诊就是挽救生命的关键。


2010年,我国约有800万心梗患者,2030年将飙升到2300万。怎么救治心梗患者成了我国一个重要问题。能否尽快去医院就诊就是挽救生命的关键。
 
缩短就诊时间是个世界性问题。就西方发达国家,这个时间平均为2~3小时,但其中仍然有约10%的患者会超出12个小时就医。那么中国如何?
 
近日China PEACE前瞻性心梗研究显示,中国心梗患者从症状发生到入院平均为4小时,其中农村医保患者、不知道自己是心梗者、以及家庭收入低的人延误的更久。有29%的急性心梗患者从症状发生到入院时间超出6小时(图1)。
 

图1 心梗患者从症状发生到入院的时间分布
 
此外,研究者发现,有94%的患者表现为胸痛或胸部不适,但仅有43%认为这些症状与心脏相关。
 
其他最常见症状表现为大汗淋漓(67.2%)、乏力(31%)、恶心(30.7%)、呼吸短促(29.1%)、肩颈部放射性疼痛(27.9%)、心悸(22.3%)以及胃部不适或疼痛(12.8%)。还有0.2%的患者无急性症状。
 
在整个心梗人群,有一半人没有及时就医,尤其是急诊就医的更少。有27%的患者认为症状看起来没那么“要命”不必前往急诊,还有24%的患者认为“等等症状就缓解了”。
 
多变量分析显示,那些未能识别心梗症状和有农村医保的患者,从症状发生到抵达医院就医时间分别延长了14%和43%。
 
此外,家里有钱没钱也是很重要的影响因素。与家庭收入超出10万的患者相比,收入在1万~5万和不到1万的患者,前往医院的时间也延迟了16%和23%。
 
研究者介绍说,这项研究突出了两个问题,一是需要提高公众对急性心梗症状和风险的认识;二是表明医疗保险、收入等均是较为延误就医的重要影响因素。而西方发达国家与此不同,其因素为老年、糖尿病、女性、之前有心绞痛或急性心梗。
 
那么加强患者教育对缩短就医时间是否就是立竿见影?目前就西方国家而已,结果还是参差不齐。研究者认为,鉴于中国强大的中央协调和计划系统,以及STEMI患者较为多见,缩短就医时间或会见效较为显著。
 
研究者认为,未来可从以下四方面抓起:一是改善公众对心梗症状以及及时就医的认知;二是从就社会人口学方面对脆弱群体制定适宜政策;三是开发和利用有效的新颖、多维度的工具和平台去加强患者教育,比如各种新媒体、APP等。
 
该研究共纳入3434例急性心梗患者,平均年龄为61岁,23%为女性,81.8%为ST段抬高型心肌梗死。心血管病危险因素在这一人群中也较为普遍,其中高血压患病率为56%,糖尿病为23%,吸烟率为58%,高胆固醇血症为30%。
 
原始出处:

Guan W, Venkatesh AK, Bai X, et al. Time to Hospital Arrival among Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction in China: A Report from China PEACE Prospective Study. Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes. 2018 Jun 7. doi: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcy022.

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    2018-06-14 zhaojie88
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    2018-06-14 slcumt
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    2018-06-14 longqijun254
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2049481, encodeId=5fda204948162, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5c2e5106290' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心梗患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51062, encryptionId=5c2e5106290, topicName=心梗患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e6a1280, createdName=zhanglin3079, createdTime=Fri Sep 14 14:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1356818, encodeId=4d4b1356818c9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b0702e84b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2784, encryptionId=b0702e84b9, topicName=ART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Thu Jun 14 13:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1562917, encodeId=3062156291efd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f69d864413' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HEART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8644, encryptionId=f69d864413, topicName=HEART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=80d715270048, createdName=slcumt, createdTime=Thu Jun 14 13:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1590798, encodeId=0e6c1590e986a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0c0b115e4cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MES#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11574, encryptionId=0c0b115e4cf, topicName=MES)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=874617863969, createdName=longqijun254, createdTime=Thu Jun 14 13:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=323726, encodeId=0b3f323e266c, content=学习了.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Jun 13 06:06:55 CST 2018, time=2018-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=323650, encodeId=53f1323650f2, content=^_^^_^^_^, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Swp2ehfHpiciczeTntUyQOlIGMzQ705ic67sdMTVMbwTv7KbmlUvxrGvRSvQZjPkz7ib5tEDfIaORgczPtmHDpwojg/0, createdBy=c54b2163125, createdName=wqkm, createdTime=Tue Jun 12 23:09:28 CST 2018, time=2018-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=323629, encodeId=aeb63236290f, content=学习了.谢谢分享., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Tue Jun 12 22:33:09 CST 2018, time=2018-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-13 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了.谢谢分享

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2049481, encodeId=5fda204948162, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5c2e5106290' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心梗患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51062, encryptionId=5c2e5106290, topicName=心梗患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e6a1280, createdName=zhanglin3079, createdTime=Fri Sep 14 14:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1356818, encodeId=4d4b1356818c9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b0702e84b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2784, encryptionId=b0702e84b9, topicName=ART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Thu Jun 14 13:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1562917, encodeId=3062156291efd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f69d864413' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HEART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8644, encryptionId=f69d864413, topicName=HEART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=80d715270048, createdName=slcumt, createdTime=Thu Jun 14 13:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1590798, encodeId=0e6c1590e986a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0c0b115e4cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MES#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11574, encryptionId=0c0b115e4cf, topicName=MES)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=874617863969, createdName=longqijun254, createdTime=Thu Jun 14 13:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=323726, encodeId=0b3f323e266c, content=学习了.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Jun 13 06:06:55 CST 2018, time=2018-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=323650, encodeId=53f1323650f2, content=^_^^_^^_^, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Swp2ehfHpiciczeTntUyQOlIGMzQ705ic67sdMTVMbwTv7KbmlUvxrGvRSvQZjPkz7ib5tEDfIaORgczPtmHDpwojg/0, createdBy=c54b2163125, createdName=wqkm, createdTime=Tue Jun 12 23:09:28 CST 2018, time=2018-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=323629, encodeId=aeb63236290f, content=学习了.谢谢分享., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Tue Jun 12 22:33:09 CST 2018, time=2018-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-12 wqkm

    ^_^^_^^_^

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2049481, encodeId=5fda204948162, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5c2e5106290' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心梗患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51062, encryptionId=5c2e5106290, topicName=心梗患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e6a1280, createdName=zhanglin3079, createdTime=Fri Sep 14 14:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1356818, encodeId=4d4b1356818c9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b0702e84b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2784, encryptionId=b0702e84b9, topicName=ART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Thu Jun 14 13:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1562917, encodeId=3062156291efd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f69d864413' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#HEART#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=8644, encryptionId=f69d864413, topicName=HEART)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=80d715270048, createdName=slcumt, createdTime=Thu Jun 14 13:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1590798, encodeId=0e6c1590e986a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0c0b115e4cf' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MES#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11574, encryptionId=0c0b115e4cf, topicName=MES)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=874617863969, createdName=longqijun254, createdTime=Thu Jun 14 13:02:00 CST 2018, time=2018-06-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=323726, encodeId=0b3f323e266c, content=学习了.谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Wed Jun 13 06:06:55 CST 2018, time=2018-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=323650, encodeId=53f1323650f2, content=^_^^_^^_^, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=80, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Swp2ehfHpiciczeTntUyQOlIGMzQ705ic67sdMTVMbwTv7KbmlUvxrGvRSvQZjPkz7ib5tEDfIaORgczPtmHDpwojg/0, createdBy=c54b2163125, createdName=wqkm, createdTime=Tue Jun 12 23:09:28 CST 2018, time=2018-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=323629, encodeId=aeb63236290f, content=学习了.谢谢分享., beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/xkvRjYnJzzRJ2R0y7VhicibvkjPWHjIMmu4ZpKnE9cWAu4lVicS3uDUCfF4M4JWvrkrYfpb2KehPV0Ee29tPqyPEebBUibiaKhnvD/0, createdBy=f8412001184, createdName=惠映实验室, createdTime=Tue Jun 12 22:33:09 CST 2018, time=2018-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-06-12 惠映实验室

    学习了.谢谢分享.

    0

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