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PLoS One:目前中国对结核病的症状筛查预测价值不乐观

2015-05-25 MedSci MedSci原创

Haring R等人进行了一项研究,评估症状筛查结核病(TB)的诊断价值。按照中国国家结核病控制项目(China NTP)规定的症状进行筛查。研究者对2010年中国的TB现况调查数据进行了二次分析。通过面对面形式让参与者完成了包含咳嗽、咯血等信息的问卷调查量表,然后对所有合格的参与者进行胸片检查。对怀疑为TB的参与者进行痰涂片和痰培养。研究者根据年龄以65岁为界对参与者进行分层,≥65岁和<

Haring R等人进行了一项研究,评估症状筛查结核病(TB)的诊断价值。按照中国国家结核病控制项目(China NTP)规定的症状进行筛查。

研究者对2010年中国的TB现况调查数据进行了二次分析。通过面对面形式让参与者完成了包含咳嗽、咯血等信息的问卷调查量表,然后对所有合格的参与者进行胸片检查。对怀疑为TB的参与者进行痰涂片和痰培养。研究者根据年龄以65岁为界对参与者进行分层,≥65岁和<65岁。计算了不同症状对不同症状筛查结核病细菌学阳性的比数比(OR)、灵敏度、特异性、阳性预测值(PPV)、阴性预测值(NPV)和受试者操作特征曲线下面积(AUC),以评估通过症状对TB进行筛查的性能或有效性。

研究结果显示,在新发现的315例诊断为结核病细菌学阳性的TB患者中,有131(41.59%)年龄≥65岁,余下184(58.41%)年龄<65岁。通过对数据处理分析发现,这些结核患者中有48.57%的比例是没有任何症状的,有接近50%的患者没有咳嗽症状,不到一半的患者咳嗽超过2周,China NTP将其定义为一个可疑结核的症状。研究者还发现,≥65岁的患者其咳嗽时间多余<65岁组,尤其是急性咳嗽(9.78% vs 6.87%)。在两个分层群体中,China NTP定义的可疑结核症状的表现(咳嗽超过2周)只出现不到一半的患者。对于<65岁的人群,<2周的急性咳嗽是该人群预测TB的独立因素(adjusted OR: 3.3, 95% CI: 2.0-5.5),但是对≥65岁的人群没有意义(adjusted OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 0.7-2.9)。每种对结核进行筛查的症状在<65岁组的特异性均高于≥65岁组(P<0.01),不过大多数症状的灵敏度则是≥65岁组明显高于<65岁组(P<0.05 or P<0.01)。对于所有参与者,与咳嗽≥2周相比,使用任何时间出现咳嗽诊症状对TB进行筛查使其灵敏度从42.9%升到51.0%,对于没有显著差异的<65岁组,该筛查使AUC从0.70升到0.74。

研究结果表明,对于无症状的结核病患者仍然具有高的百分比,并且China NTP采取的筛查结核的症状其对结核的预测价值仍不乐观。对于存在结核病症状的患者,使用症状筛查TB,应该以65岁作为界限,同时研究者也指出,应该对2个不同亚组进行不同的筛查策略。目前对于TB的筛查策略有待改善,未来还需要更多症状筛查的相关研究。

原始出处:

Cheng J, Wang L, Zhang H, Xia Y et al.Diagnostic Value of Symptom Screening for Pulmonary Tuberculosis in China. PLoS One 2015.

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    2015-10-27 yaanren
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    2015-05-31 huaxipanxing

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一位17岁的小伙子到医院就诊,称自己的左侧手掌背部出现肿胀并伴有疼痛2个月余了。而由于6个月前他去了巴基斯坦旅行,居于当地医疗条件不足,导致他一直无法得到及时的治疗。 通过体检发现,他的左侧第三掌骨已出现了质较硬且化脓性的小结节。此前,他没有出现发烧或其他的全身性症状,亦无淋巴结肿大和外伤史。而人类免疫缺陷病毒血清学检测的结果也是阴性的。X线检查发现左手的第三掌骨骨小梁周围的

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