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卢永昕:2016 ESC心衰指南更新十大建议

2016-06-03 苏冠华 卢永昕 心在线

2016年5月21日,欧洲心力衰竭年会在意大利佛罗伦萨举行。大会发布了ESC最新急性和慢性心力衰竭(简称心衰)诊疗指南。会上,指南工作组主席、波兰Piotr Ponikowski教授总结了新指南的十大特点及推荐。

2016年5月21日,欧洲心力衰竭年会在意大利佛罗伦萨举行。大会发布了ESC最新急性和慢性心力衰竭(简称心衰)诊疗指南。会上,指南工作组主席、波兰Piotr Ponikowski教授总结了新指南的十大特点及推荐。

1. 推荐应用新的流程来诊断非急性状态下的心衰,这种新流程主要基于疾病的临床可能性(信息采集自病史、体格检查和静息心电图)、循环利钠肽和经胸超声心动图的评估。

2.推荐在疑诊或已确诊的心衰患者中进行经胸超声心动图,评估心肌的结构和功能,同时检测左室射血分数(LVEF)。指南将心衰分成三种类型:射血分数下降的心衰(HFrEF,LVEF<40%)、射血分数中间值的心衰(HFmrEF,LVEF 40%~49%)、射血分数保留的心衰(HFpEF,LVEF≥50%)。

3. 推荐治疗高血压,在冠心病或冠心病高危人群中应用他汀,在无症状的左室功能不全患者中应用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI),在无症状的左室功能不全和既往有心梗史的患者中使用β受体阻滞剂,以预防或延缓心衰的发生,延长寿命。

4. 推荐有症状的HFrEF患者终生应用改善预后的药物治疗,包括联合ACEI(如不能耐受ACEI则选用ARB)、β受体阻滞剂和醛固酮受体拮抗剂(MRA)。如果患者接受上述治疗后仍持续有症状,推荐将ACEI替换为脑啡肽酶抑制剂Sacubitril/缬沙坦复方制剂。在有充血症状和体征的心衰患者中,推荐使用利尿剂以改善症状和运动耐量。

5. 对发生过血流动力学不稳定的室性心律失常幸存者,或至少给予最优化药物治疗3个月以上仍有症状且LVEF≤35%的心衰患者,推荐植入心律转复除颤器(ICD),以降低猝死风险和全因死亡率。不推荐在心梗后40天内植入ICD,因为此时机不改善预后。

6. 对至少给予最优化药物治疗3个月以上仍有症状且LVEF≤35%、窦性心律、QRS波群宽度≥130 ms且呈左束支传导阻滞形态的心衰患者,推荐心脏再同步化治疗(CRT),以改善症状并降低死亡率。QRS波群宽度<130 ms是植入CRT的禁忌证。

7. 对疑诊为急性心衰的患者,应尽可能缩短所有诊断和治疗决策的时间。在起病初始阶段,如果患者存在心源性休克和/或通气障碍,需尽早提供循环支持和/或通气支持。

8. 需迅速识别合并的威胁生命的临床情况和/或易感因素[简写为CHAMP,包括急性冠脉综合征(acute Coronary syndrome)、高血压急症(Hypertension emergency)、心律失常(Arrhythmia)、急性机械性病因(acute Mechanical cause)、急性肺栓塞(acute Pulmonary embolism)],并给予指南推荐的相应特异性治疗。

9. 在急性心衰的早期阶段,选择何种最优化治疗策略需基于临床特征的评估,如是否存在充血和外周低灌注。谨记低灌注不是低血压的同义词,但低灌注往往伴随着低血压。

10. 推荐在多学科护理和管理体系中协作收治心衰患者,以降低心衰的住院率和死亡率。


专家简介
卢永昕教授,主任医师、博士生导师,曾任华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院心内科副主任,中华医学会心血管病学分会心衰学组委员,中国医师协会心血管内科医师分会委员,中国空间生命学会委员,中国生物医学工程学会心电学分会委员,国际高血压联盟成员,欧洲心力衰竭学会成员及《临床心血管病杂志》常务编委等职。发表论文60余篇,代表作发表在《Circulation》、《European Journal of Heart Failure》、《Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences》等国际主流期刊,参编《心脏病学》、《心电图学》、《心力衰竭》等多部专著。承担和完成国家自然科学基金课题及863课题多项。曾因心力衰竭方面的研究获卫生部科技进步三等奖,担任高级卫生专业技术资格考试指导用书《心血管内科学》副主编。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1988228, encodeId=37bb19882280e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=327e563967e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#指南更新#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56396, encryptionId=327e563967e, topicName=指南更新)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04ce158, createdName=lxg951, createdTime=Mon Jul 18 18:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1940825, encodeId=40ab194082510, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=22ac5194065' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心衰指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51940, encryptionId=22ac5194065, topicName=心衰指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Thu Nov 17 11:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88696, encodeId=69038869654, content=学习了,归纳的很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160803/IMG57A185CE577478201.jpg, createdBy=bad41730551, createdName=小青虫, createdTime=Sun Jun 05 21:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88673, encodeId=4dcf886e300, content=不错的文章,多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=53751677671, createdName=沉心多思, createdTime=Sun Jun 05 21:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88547, encodeId=a9f08854e4b, content=不错的文章,多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=53751677671, createdName=沉心多思, createdTime=Sun Jun 05 14:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1988228, encodeId=37bb19882280e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=327e563967e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#指南更新#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56396, encryptionId=327e563967e, topicName=指南更新)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04ce158, createdName=lxg951, createdTime=Mon Jul 18 18:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1940825, encodeId=40ab194082510, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=22ac5194065' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心衰指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51940, encryptionId=22ac5194065, topicName=心衰指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Thu Nov 17 11:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88696, encodeId=69038869654, content=学习了,归纳的很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160803/IMG57A185CE577478201.jpg, createdBy=bad41730551, createdName=小青虫, createdTime=Sun Jun 05 21:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88673, encodeId=4dcf886e300, content=不错的文章,多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=53751677671, createdName=沉心多思, createdTime=Sun Jun 05 21:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88547, encodeId=a9f08854e4b, content=不错的文章,多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=53751677671, createdName=沉心多思, createdTime=Sun Jun 05 14:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-05 小青虫

    学习了,归纳的很好

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1988228, encodeId=37bb19882280e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=327e563967e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#指南更新#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56396, encryptionId=327e563967e, topicName=指南更新)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04ce158, createdName=lxg951, createdTime=Mon Jul 18 18:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1940825, encodeId=40ab194082510, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=22ac5194065' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心衰指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51940, encryptionId=22ac5194065, topicName=心衰指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Thu Nov 17 11:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88696, encodeId=69038869654, content=学习了,归纳的很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160803/IMG57A185CE577478201.jpg, createdBy=bad41730551, createdName=小青虫, createdTime=Sun Jun 05 21:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88673, encodeId=4dcf886e300, content=不错的文章,多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=53751677671, createdName=沉心多思, createdTime=Sun Jun 05 21:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88547, encodeId=a9f08854e4b, content=不错的文章,多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=53751677671, createdName=沉心多思, createdTime=Sun Jun 05 14:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-05 沉心多思

    不错的文章,多学习

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1988228, encodeId=37bb19882280e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=327e563967e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#指南更新#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=56396, encryptionId=327e563967e, topicName=指南更新)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=04ce158, createdName=lxg951, createdTime=Mon Jul 18 18:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1940825, encodeId=40ab194082510, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=22ac5194065' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心衰指南#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=69, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51940, encryptionId=22ac5194065, topicName=心衰指南)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Thu Nov 17 11:58:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88696, encodeId=69038869654, content=学习了,归纳的很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20160803/IMG57A185CE577478201.jpg, createdBy=bad41730551, createdName=小青虫, createdTime=Sun Jun 05 21:49:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88673, encodeId=4dcf886e300, content=不错的文章,多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=126, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=53751677671, createdName=沉心多思, createdTime=Sun Jun 05 21:21:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=88547, encodeId=a9f08854e4b, content=不错的文章,多学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=145, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=53751677671, createdName=沉心多思, createdTime=Sun Jun 05 14:55:00 CST 2016, time=2016-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2016-06-05 沉心多思

    不错的文章,多学习

    0

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