Baidu
map

Lancet子刊:晚期肾脏疾病患者应怎样选择他汀类药物治疗方案?

2016-07-29 fsy 译 MedSci原创

他汀类药物治疗对轻、中度慢性肾脏病患者的冠心病和卒中的预防是有效的,但它对于一些晚期疾病患者(特别是那些接受透析的患者)的影响还是不确定的。研究人员做了个别参与者(n=183419)的荟萃分析,数据来自28个试验,该研究分析了基于他汀类药物治疗对重大血管事件(主要冠状动脉事件[非致死性心肌梗死或冠心病死亡],卒中或冠心病血运重建)和具体死因死亡率的效果。参与者通过基线估计肾小球滤过率(eGFR)被

他汀类药物治疗对轻、中度慢性肾脏病患者的冠心病和卒中的预防是有效的,但它对于一些晚期疾病患者(特别是那些接受透析的患者)的影响还是不确定的。

研究人员做了个别参与者(n=183419)的荟萃分析,数据来自28个试验,该研究分析了基于他汀类药物治疗对重大血管事件(主要冠状动脉事件[非致死性心肌梗死或冠心病死亡],卒中或冠心病血运重建)和具体死因死亡率的效果。参与者通过基线估计肾小球滤过率(eGFR)被分为几个类别。治疗效果通过LDL胆固醇每mmol/L的下降率比(RR)进行评估。

总体而言,基于他汀类药物治疗,每降低1 mmol/L的LDL胆固醇,第一大主要血管事件的风险降低21%(RR 0.79,95%CI 0.77-0.81,P<0.0001)。eGFR下降对于主要血管事件有较小的相对影响(趋势p=0.008; 在接受透析的患者中,对于eGFR≥60mL/(min·1.73m2时,RR 0.78,99%CI为0.75-0.82;对于eGFR为45至<60mL/(min·1.73m2时RR为0.76,0.70-0.81;对于eGFR为30至<45mL/(min·1.73m2时RR为0.85,0.75-0.96;对于eGFR<30mL/(min·1.73m2且不进行透析时,RR为0.85,0.71-1.02;透析的患者为0.94,0.79-1.11)。通过基线肾功能分类,主要冠状动脉事件(趋势P=0.01)和血管死亡事件(趋势P=0.03)的发生有类似的趋势,但是冠状动脉血运重建事件无显著趋势(P=0.90)。在不考虑eGFR的情况下,基于他汀类药物降低LDL胆固醇的治疗对非血管死亡率没有影响。

研究发现晚期慢性肾脏病患者的LDL胆固醇实现少量的降低;而且允许不同的透析试验中的结果在定义上有差异后,eGFR下降后,则基于他汀类药物治疗对于主要血管事件的相对减少量也会随之变小。在慢性肾脏疾病患者中,应选择绝对减少LDL胆固醇最大化的他汀类药物治疗方案,来实现最大治疗益处。

原始出处:

Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaboration,Impact of renal function on the effects of LDL cholesterol lowering with statin-based regimens,Lancet Dia&Endo,2016.7.28

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828553, encodeId=20c618285539a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Sat Apr 29 16:43:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2044418, encodeId=34a5204441803, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=644725344b1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#他汀类药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25344, encryptionId=644725344b1, topicName=他汀类药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIibticIBly5jCSic5ZElW4He3rO4DMpUHUFaFX57OicNMnzckWaicBNeStwugWHFCuOdicoakApM4HGmtw/132, createdBy=f8672500006, createdName=ms6390871039024434, createdTime=Mon Nov 28 19:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1798962, encodeId=4b8f1e98962c1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=38e0e0670ff' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疾病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70670, encryptionId=38e0e0670ff, topicName=疾病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c859411, createdName=hmwwww, createdTime=Thu Dec 01 01:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1904968, encodeId=86ff1904968c7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=21f66464823' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗方案#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64648, encryptionId=21f66464823, topicName=治疗方案)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5ee4187, createdName=zhangjiqing, createdTime=Sun Dec 18 02:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1957793, encodeId=fd18195e79324, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d311598e6f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#晚期肾脏疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59876, encryptionId=d311598e6f1, topicName=晚期肾脏疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3b172500206, createdName=12498ebem19暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Apr 25 04:43:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2017-04-29 howi
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828553, encodeId=20c618285539a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Sat Apr 29 16:43:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2044418, encodeId=34a5204441803, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=644725344b1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#他汀类药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25344, encryptionId=644725344b1, topicName=他汀类药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIibticIBly5jCSic5ZElW4He3rO4DMpUHUFaFX57OicNMnzckWaicBNeStwugWHFCuOdicoakApM4HGmtw/132, createdBy=f8672500006, createdName=ms6390871039024434, createdTime=Mon Nov 28 19:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1798962, encodeId=4b8f1e98962c1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=38e0e0670ff' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疾病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70670, encryptionId=38e0e0670ff, topicName=疾病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c859411, createdName=hmwwww, createdTime=Thu Dec 01 01:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1904968, encodeId=86ff1904968c7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=21f66464823' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗方案#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64648, encryptionId=21f66464823, topicName=治疗方案)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5ee4187, createdName=zhangjiqing, createdTime=Sun Dec 18 02:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1957793, encodeId=fd18195e79324, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d311598e6f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#晚期肾脏疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59876, encryptionId=d311598e6f1, topicName=晚期肾脏疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3b172500206, createdName=12498ebem19暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Apr 25 04:43:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828553, encodeId=20c618285539a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Sat Apr 29 16:43:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2044418, encodeId=34a5204441803, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=644725344b1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#他汀类药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25344, encryptionId=644725344b1, topicName=他汀类药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIibticIBly5jCSic5ZElW4He3rO4DMpUHUFaFX57OicNMnzckWaicBNeStwugWHFCuOdicoakApM4HGmtw/132, createdBy=f8672500006, createdName=ms6390871039024434, createdTime=Mon Nov 28 19:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1798962, encodeId=4b8f1e98962c1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=38e0e0670ff' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疾病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70670, encryptionId=38e0e0670ff, topicName=疾病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c859411, createdName=hmwwww, createdTime=Thu Dec 01 01:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1904968, encodeId=86ff1904968c7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=21f66464823' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗方案#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64648, encryptionId=21f66464823, topicName=治疗方案)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5ee4187, createdName=zhangjiqing, createdTime=Sun Dec 18 02:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1957793, encodeId=fd18195e79324, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d311598e6f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#晚期肾脏疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59876, encryptionId=d311598e6f1, topicName=晚期肾脏疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3b172500206, createdName=12498ebem19暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Apr 25 04:43:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828553, encodeId=20c618285539a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Sat Apr 29 16:43:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2044418, encodeId=34a5204441803, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=644725344b1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#他汀类药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25344, encryptionId=644725344b1, topicName=他汀类药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIibticIBly5jCSic5ZElW4He3rO4DMpUHUFaFX57OicNMnzckWaicBNeStwugWHFCuOdicoakApM4HGmtw/132, createdBy=f8672500006, createdName=ms6390871039024434, createdTime=Mon Nov 28 19:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1798962, encodeId=4b8f1e98962c1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=38e0e0670ff' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疾病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70670, encryptionId=38e0e0670ff, topicName=疾病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c859411, createdName=hmwwww, createdTime=Thu Dec 01 01:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1904968, encodeId=86ff1904968c7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=21f66464823' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗方案#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64648, encryptionId=21f66464823, topicName=治疗方案)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5ee4187, createdName=zhangjiqing, createdTime=Sun Dec 18 02:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1957793, encodeId=fd18195e79324, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d311598e6f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#晚期肾脏疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59876, encryptionId=d311598e6f1, topicName=晚期肾脏疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3b172500206, createdName=12498ebem19暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Apr 25 04:43:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1828553, encodeId=20c618285539a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Sat Apr 29 16:43:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2044418, encodeId=34a5204441803, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=644725344b1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#他汀类药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=25344, encryptionId=644725344b1, topicName=他汀类药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIibticIBly5jCSic5ZElW4He3rO4DMpUHUFaFX57OicNMnzckWaicBNeStwugWHFCuOdicoakApM4HGmtw/132, createdBy=f8672500006, createdName=ms6390871039024434, createdTime=Mon Nov 28 19:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1798962, encodeId=4b8f1e98962c1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=38e0e0670ff' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疾病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=72, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70670, encryptionId=38e0e0670ff, topicName=疾病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c859411, createdName=hmwwww, createdTime=Thu Dec 01 01:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1904968, encodeId=86ff1904968c7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=21f66464823' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗方案#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64648, encryptionId=21f66464823, topicName=治疗方案)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5ee4187, createdName=zhangjiqing, createdTime=Sun Dec 18 02:43:00 CST 2016, time=2016-12-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1957793, encodeId=fd18195e79324, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d311598e6f1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#晚期肾脏疾病#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=84, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59876, encryptionId=d311598e6f1, topicName=晚期肾脏疾病)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3b172500206, createdName=12498ebem19暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Apr 25 04:43:00 CST 2017, time=2017-04-25, status=1, ipAttribution=)]

相关资讯

NEJM:晚期黑色素瘤会抵抗PD-1 阻断治疗

近日,加州大学洛杉矶分校研究人员发现一种机制,该机制确定了晚期黑色素瘤是如何对免疫检查点抑制剂进行抵抗的,这一发现可能会引起设计新型治疗方案来治疗致命的皮肤癌。“免疫疗法可让我们身体的免疫防御系统抵抗癌症侵袭,但抵抗癌症必须是长期且持续的。”加州大学洛杉矶分校血液学和肿瘤学教授Ribas说。“我们首次了解了肿瘤细胞可以避免被免疫系统T细胞识别,这样就降低了免疫系统对肿瘤细胞攻击的敏感性。”研究人员

NEJM:绝经后早期 vs 晚期雌二醇治疗对心血管的影响无差异

数据表明,当使用含雌激素的激素在接近绝经期开始治疗而不是在绝经后治疗时,对于心血管疾病有益。原始出处:Howard N. Hodis,Wendy J. Mack,Victor W. Henderson,et al.Vascular Effects of Early versus Late Postmenopausal Treatment with Estradiol,NEJM,2016.3.30

ECC 2015:晚期肺鳞癌治疗进展

在本届ECCO/ESMO会议上,来自法国的B.Besse教授介绍了近年来肺鳞癌靶向治疗研究进展。对肺鳞癌通过全基因组的测序,发现60%以上的鳞癌患者有潜在的治疗靶点,下表列出了腺癌和鳞癌的基因异常靶点,但仍须在临床前模型进行验证。          总而言之,对于肺鳞癌的治疗远比肺腺癌要复杂,两者在分子水平就存在比较大的差异。我们尚未找到确切的

Lung Cancer:rs2269577可加重晚期NSCLC患者接受铂类治疗时的胃肠毒性

X-box结合蛋白1(XBP1)是内质网应激反应过程中的一个关键转录因子,也是维持细胞稳态的基本要素。为了调查晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者在接受以铂类为基础的化疗方案治疗时,XBP1基因的调控变量rs2269577对患者预后的影响,来自上海复旦大学生命科学学院遗传学研究所、基因工程国家重点实验室的彭军及其同事进行了一项研究,研究结果发表在2013年3月16日的出版的《Lung Cancer》

BCRT:糖尿病女性更容易患进展期乳腺癌!

不少专家都对糖尿病和乳腺癌患者进行调查,发现糖尿病和乳腺癌风险有一定的关联。过去瑞典的一项病例对照研究(Cancer Causes Control. 2012 May;23(5):769-77. doi: 10.1007/s10552-012-9946-5. )表明,糖尿病和乳腺癌风险增加40%有关。即使调整了肥胖、血脂异常等混杂后,二者仍然有关联,尤其是在4年之内诊断出癌症的

研究汇总:晚期肠癌靶向治疗进展

靶向药物的出现为晚期肠癌的治疗带来了新希望,在化疗方案基础上联合靶向药物可以进一步延长患者的生存期。目前已批准用于晚期肠癌的靶向药物包括:以血管内皮生长因子(vascular enclothelial growth factor,VEGF)为靶点的单克隆抗体,代表性药物是贝伐单抗,和以表皮生长因子受体(epide111lal growlh faclor receptor

Baidu
map
Baidu
map
Baidu
map