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不自闭就精神分裂吧

2016-06-14 佚名 生物通

自闭症和精神分裂症是两种严重的精神疾病,通常人们很难将两者关联起来,但是越来越多的研究表明,自闭症和精神分裂症就像硬币的两面,存在重要的关联。近期来自约翰霍普金斯大学的研究人员比对了自闭症和精神分裂症患者大脑中的基因表达,发现了其中的相似之处,这为自闭症和精神分裂症之间的关联添加了更有利的证据。这一研究成果公布在5月24日的Translational Psychiatry杂志上。对此来自加州大学旧

自闭症和精神分裂症是两种严重的精神疾病,通常人们很难将两者关联起来,但是越来越多的研究表明,自闭症和精神分裂症就像硬币的两面,存在重要的关联。近期来自约翰霍普金斯大学的研究人员比对了自闭症和精神分裂症患者大脑中的基因表达,发现了其中的相似之处,这为自闭症和精神分裂症之间的关联添加了更有利的证据。

这一研究成果公布在5月24日的Translational Psychiatry杂志上。对此来自加州大学旧金山分校的精神病学教授Jeremy Willsey评价道,“一方面,这项成果令人激动,因为它告诉我们这两者之间有很多重叠;另一方面,这告诉我们它们的重叠很常见。”

此前这一研究小组曾分析了32位自闭症患者和40位对照死后大脑组织中的基因表达,在此基础上,他们又比对了马里兰州斯坦利医学研究所收集的基因表达数据,这些数据来自31位精神分裂症患者,25位躁郁症患者以及26个对照的死后大脑组织。

研究小组发现,自闭症和精神分裂症患者大脑中表达的基因都参与了神经元和突触的发育,尤其是长期预测神经元(long-range projections)。但自闭症和躁郁症患者大脑的基因表达,以及躁郁症和精神分裂症患者大脑的基因表达并没有很大的相似。

不过研究人员从中发现了两个基因,12好染色体上的IQSEC3和COPS7A都会在自闭症、精神分裂症和躁郁症患者大脑中低水平表达。

去年麻省理工的一组研究人员发现一个称为Shank3的基因与自闭症和精神分裂症都有关联。Shank3编码的蛋白在突触中发现过,突触是神经元之间的连接,可让它们互相交流。Shank3是一个支架蛋白,意味着它有助于阻止数百个其他蛋白质聚集在突触后细胞膜上,这对于协调细胞响应来自于突触前细胞的信号,是至关重要的。

研究人员通过激活大脑不同部位、不同发育阶段的突变,发现Shank3的2个突变以不同方式影响大脑回路。自闭症突变在发育早期就产生影响,主要是针对大脑纹状体,这个部位与协调运动规划、动机和习惯性行为有关。中断纹状体中的突触,会引发在这些小鼠中看到的强迫行为。

在携带精神分裂症相关基因突变的小鼠中,早期发育是正常的,这表明,在这个阶段,截短的Shank3可以充分代替该蛋白的正常版本。然而在生命后期,Shank3的截短版本会干扰突触的功能以及大脑皮层中的连接,在大脑皮层中发生执行功能(如思想和计划)。

这些研究发现相关精神疾病之间存在遗传共性,不过也有一些研究表明,精神分裂症可能更类似于躁郁症,而不是自闭症。

目前尚不清楚自闭症和精神分裂症基因表达之间的相似性是否反映了共同的机制,或者只是简单的大脑变化的结果,文章作者表示:“我们还不知道这是因还是果。”


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    2016-10-12 ylzr123

    赞一个!好文章拜读了,认真学习了。

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    2016-06-16 xiongke014
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    2016-06-15 598450530

    原文也是摘要么?都看不懂

    0

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    2016-06-14 hfuym10906

    看了

    0

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