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CANCE CELL:抗氧化剂阻止恶性肝癌?

2017-06-14 佚名 生物探索

6月12日,Cell子刊《Cancer Cell》发表一篇文章,首次找到一条导致胆管细胞癌变的关键信号通路。来自于德国慕尼黑工业大学(TUM)、德国环境卫生研究中心、Tübingen大学等机构的研究团队还依据这一信号通路找到了阻止癌症发展的关键化合物。

原发性肝癌是常见恶性肿瘤之一,死亡率较高。其中,最常见的是肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinomas,HCC),占恶性肝癌的90%。其次是肝内胆管细胞癌(Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,ICC),发病于胆管细胞或未分化的肝脏细胞。这两种肝癌很难治疗,在美国是引发死亡的第二大类癌症。而且,近年来新发病率却不断增加。

遗憾的是,迄今为止我们几乎对肝内胆管细胞癌的起因、发展一无所知。同样,我们没有有效的药物去阻止这一恶化。

6月12日,Cell子刊《Cancer Cell》发表一篇文章,首次找到一条导致胆管细胞癌变的关键信号通路。来自于德国慕尼黑工业大学(TUM)、德国环境卫生研究中心、Tübingen大学等机构的研究团队还依据这一信号通路找到了阻止癌症发展的关键化合物。

他们以小鼠和人的胆管细胞癌组织为样本,第一次在其中发现了高水平的有害物质——活性氧(ROS)。

活性氧导致肝癌?

活性氧(ROS)是一种激发态的氧分子,当肝脏因为病毒性肝炎、酗酒过度等情况发生炎症时,活性氧浓度会增加。这些因素会增加肝癌的发生风险。

高浓度的ROS是否会特异性导致胆道癌?是否会促进肝细胞癌继续恶化?德国慕尼黑工业大学的Dirk Haller教授成功培育出肝脏线粒体有缺陷的小鼠模型,这种缺陷会产生高浓度的ROS,以此模拟肝脏严重受损的情况。

当这些小鼠生长几周后,它们肝脏胆管细胞会出现多个生长点。病理学家将其确定为癌症前兆。在这些生长点附近,研究人员发现很多库普弗细胞(Kupffer cell),一种位于肝脏中的特殊巨噬细胞,负责清除血液中的外来抗原。库普弗细胞会分泌一种化学信号TNF,促进周围细胞生长。TNF会激活一种酶JNK,从而引发胆管细胞的过分增殖。

相反,细胞无法表达TNF受体的小鼠可以避免胆管细胞不受控制的生长,它们肝脏的受损程度较小,且小鼠生存时间较长。



对策:抗氧化剂和JNK抑制剂阻止癌变?

ROS高表达、TNF信号和胆管癌发生之间的级联反应是否同样存在于人体肝脏?

“我们认为,答案是肯定的。”德国癌症研究中心的Darjus Tschaharganeh教授表示,“因为我们在来源于肝内胆管癌患者的肿瘤组织中发现,TNF表达量异常高,且JNK酶处于激活状态。”

德国癌症研究中心的Mathias Heikenwälder教授相信:“一旦我们确定了其中的分子机制,我们就能够有的放矢,寻找到有望中断这一信号通路的关键药物。”

当研究团队用JNK酶抑制剂治疗患癌小鼠后,他们发现,小鼠体内的胆管癌显着减少。“当我们在食物中添加抗氧化剂时,小鼠肝脏会得到改善,且寿命延长。这意味着,活性氧表达受阻,胆管细胞不再无限生长。相比之下,抗氧化剂对肝细胞几乎没有任何影响。”

下一步,Heikenw?lder团队将继续验证抗氧化剂或者JNK抑制剂治疗肝癌的可能性。他们将开展临床前研究,检测这些化合物对胆管癌的影响。

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    2018-01-05 维他命
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    2017-06-14 honghongwuwu

    非常有意义的文章

    0

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    2017-06-14 虈亣靌

    好好学习,感谢分享

    0

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    2017-06-14 1ddf0692m34(暂无匿称)

    学习了,涨知识

    0

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