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Cell Metabolism:菌群代谢物影响二甲双胍的降糖效果

2020-08-13 A pioneer 免疫细胞研究bioworld

目前,二甲双胍被推荐为控制2型糖尿病患者血糖水平的一线口服药物。然而,个体间对这种药物治疗的反应存在很大差异。二甲双胍在临床应用已超过60年,但其作用机制仍不完全清楚。

目前,二甲双胍被推荐为控制2型糖尿病患者血糖水平的一线口服药物。然而,个体间对这种药物治疗的反应存在很大差异。二甲双胍在临床应用已超过60年,但其作用机制仍不完全清楚。多种机制已被提出,但5’- amp激活蛋白激酶(AMPK)依赖途径被认为起关键作用。肠道微生物群和药物之间的双向相互作用近年来引起了人们的关注,因为它们可能在基因多态性之外解释对药物反应的个体差异。肠道微生物群可以直接代谢药物,从而影响药物的疗效和/或生物利用度。此外,药物可以改变微生物群组成和代谢状况,从而影响药物的有益作用;这种现象已经在化疗和二甲双胍中观察到。肠道微生物群还可能与宿主体内的药物相互作用,产生生物活性化合物(微生物代谢物),在某些情况下,这些化合物可以进入循环,到达肠道以外的宿主组织。最近的一项研究表明,二甲双胍直接作用于肠道细菌以促进胍丁胺的产生,从而增加模型生物体的脂质代谢和寿命。然而,微生物代谢物的存在,损害二甲双胍的作用尚未显示。

作者之前报道,微生物代谢物丙酸咪唑在2型糖尿病患者中升高,可损害葡萄糖耐受性。在本研究中,作者试图确定丙酸咪唑是否也能促进对二甲双胍反应的个体间差异,并确定丙酸咪唑与已知的二甲双胍信号通路之间的潜在相互作用。

为了调查丙酸咪唑是否与二甲双胍治疗的临床疗效潜在相关,作者首先询问服用二甲双胍的2型糖尿病患者的血糖水平是否不同。作者发现,二甲双胍治疗的高血糖受试者的丙酸咪唑平均水平高于血糖<7.8 mM的受试者。这些结果与丙酸咪唑对人体二甲双胍作用的潜在负作用相一致,但这一假设需要在更大规模的进一步前瞻性研究来证实。为了确定丙酸咪唑是否会降低二甲双胍的作用,作者测试了丙酸咪唑对二甲双胍处理小鼠葡萄糖代谢的影响。单次注射丙酸咪唑可以提高乔杜里喂养的小鼠的空腹血糖水平(p = 0.06),并逆转metformin诱导的空腹血糖水平的预期下降。结果表明丙酸咪唑损害小鼠二甲双胍的作用。

早期研究表明,Akt是一种AMPK S485激酶,在糖尿病小鼠的大脑和主动脉中,基础Akt磷酸化水平与AMPK S485磷酸化水平同步升高。HEK293细胞中Akt的基础磷酸化在氨基酸缺失和存在的情况下均增加,但在咪唑丙酸刺激8小时后降低。作者还观察到丙酸咪唑(3天或单次注射)处理小鼠组织中Akt的基础磷酸化水平增加。总之,研究表明咪唑丙酸酯诱导的Akt激活诱导抑制性AMPK丝氨酸磷酸化。

接下来作者研究了丙酸咪唑诱导的p38g激酶活性本身是否对介导丙酸咪唑对二甲双胍作用的抑制作用很重要。吡非尼酮(5-甲基-1-苯基-2-(1H)吡啶酮)被证明在体内和体外特异性抑制p38g激酶的活性,而不影响p38a或CDK2的活性。吡非尼酮在没有丙酸咪唑的情况下不影响AMPK、Akt或S6K1的磷酸化。然而,吡非尼酮有效阻断咪唑丙酸诱导的p38g磷酸化(活化)和随后的Akt T308,并抑制AMPK丝氨酸磷酸化。丙酸咪唑对二甲福明诱导AMPK T172磷酸化的抑制作用被吡非尼酮逆转。这些结果表明咪唑丙酸活化的p38g介导咪唑丙酸对二甲双胍作用的抑制作用。最后,作者还研究了吡非尼酮是否也能逆转丙酸咪唑对二甲双胍作用的体内抑制作用。结果观察到吡非尼酮治疗不能降低单独使用时的空腹血糖水平,但可以阻断在二甲双胍存在下咪唑丙酸引起的血糖水平升高。这些结果表明吡非尼酮在细胞和体内均能有效阻断丙酸咪唑对二甲双胍的抑制作用。

原始出处:

AraKoh,LouiseManners-Holm,Na-OhYunn,et al.Microbial Imidazole Propionate Affects Responses to Metformin through p38γ-Dependent Inhibitory AMPK Phosphorylation.Cell Metabolism.Available online 11 August 2020.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2020.07.012

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content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6c6f1e62c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ABO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1762, encryptionId=6c6f1e62c5, topicName=ABO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b6c918580135, createdName=闆锋旦, createdTime=Sat Aug 15 07:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1041543, encodeId=41991041543a0, content=二甲双胍,神药!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Thu Aug 13 19:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1047146, encodeId=a087104e1465d, content=疗效只是效果的众多方面之一,还要看对患者的获益,包括生活质量等因素共同决定效果的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Thu Aug 13 19:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896726, encodeId=45eb1896e26bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Sat Jul 10 05:48:37 CST 2021, time=2021-07-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1951210, encodeId=92171951210b1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e6fa981e4df' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#降糖效果#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98174, encryptionId=e6fa981e4df, topicName=降糖效果)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=827b160, 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encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Sun May 23 10:48:37 CST 2021, time=2021-05-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1962208, encodeId=4631196220856, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=395f25, createdName=爆笑小医, createdTime=Thu Jan 07 11:48:37 CST 2021, time=2021-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1888198, encodeId=914b188819812, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Fri Mar 05 21:48:37 CST 2021, time=2021-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1577232, encodeId=d1fe15e723235, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d86d1159e36' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Metabolism#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11597, encryptionId=d86d1159e36, topicName=Metabolism)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1a6516392333, createdName=1249859em43(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat Aug 15 07:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1598067, encodeId=2b0b159806ecf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6c6f1e62c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ABO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1762, encryptionId=6c6f1e62c5, topicName=ABO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b6c918580135, createdName=闆锋旦, createdTime=Sat Aug 15 07:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1041543, encodeId=41991041543a0, content=二甲双胍,神药!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Thu Aug 13 19:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1047146, encodeId=a087104e1465d, content=疗效只是效果的众多方面之一,还要看对患者的获益,包括生活质量等因素共同决定效果的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Thu Aug 13 19:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896726, encodeId=45eb1896e26bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Sat Jul 10 05:48:37 CST 2021, time=2021-07-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1951210, encodeId=92171951210b1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e6fa981e4df' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#降糖效果#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98174, encryptionId=e6fa981e4df, topicName=降糖效果)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=827b160, 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level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Fri Mar 05 21:48:37 CST 2021, time=2021-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1577232, encodeId=d1fe15e723235, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d86d1159e36' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Metabolism#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11597, encryptionId=d86d1159e36, topicName=Metabolism)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1a6516392333, createdName=1249859em43(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat Aug 15 07:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1598067, encodeId=2b0b159806ecf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6c6f1e62c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ABO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1762, encryptionId=6c6f1e62c5, topicName=ABO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b6c918580135, createdName=闆锋旦, createdTime=Sat Aug 15 07:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1041543, encodeId=41991041543a0, content=二甲双胍,神药!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Thu Aug 13 19:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1047146, encodeId=a087104e1465d, content=疗效只是效果的众多方面之一,还要看对患者的获益,包括生活质量等因素共同决定效果的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Thu Aug 13 19:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-01-07 爆笑小医
  6. 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content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6c6f1e62c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ABO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1762, encryptionId=6c6f1e62c5, topicName=ABO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b6c918580135, createdName=闆锋旦, createdTime=Sat Aug 15 07:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1041543, encodeId=41991041543a0, content=二甲双胍,神药!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Thu Aug 13 19:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1047146, encodeId=a087104e1465d, content=疗效只是效果的众多方面之一,还要看对患者的获益,包括生活质量等因素共同决定效果的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Thu Aug 13 19:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-03-05 guojianrong
  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896726, encodeId=45eb1896e26bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Sat Jul 10 05:48:37 CST 2021, time=2021-07-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1951210, encodeId=92171951210b1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e6fa981e4df' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#降糖效果#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98174, encryptionId=e6fa981e4df, topicName=降糖效果)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=827b160, 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level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Fri Mar 05 21:48:37 CST 2021, time=2021-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1577232, encodeId=d1fe15e723235, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d86d1159e36' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Metabolism#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11597, encryptionId=d86d1159e36, topicName=Metabolism)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1a6516392333, createdName=1249859em43(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat Aug 15 07:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1598067, encodeId=2b0b159806ecf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6c6f1e62c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ABO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1762, encryptionId=6c6f1e62c5, topicName=ABO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b6c918580135, createdName=闆锋旦, createdTime=Sat Aug 15 07:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1041543, encodeId=41991041543a0, content=二甲双胍,神药!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Thu Aug 13 19:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1047146, encodeId=a087104e1465d, content=疗效只是效果的众多方面之一,还要看对患者的获益,包括生活质量等因素共同决定效果的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Thu Aug 13 19:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896726, encodeId=45eb1896e26bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Sat Jul 10 05:48:37 CST 2021, time=2021-07-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1951210, encodeId=92171951210b1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e6fa981e4df' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#降糖效果#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98174, encryptionId=e6fa981e4df, topicName=降糖效果)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=827b160, 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level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Fri Mar 05 21:48:37 CST 2021, time=2021-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1577232, encodeId=d1fe15e723235, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d86d1159e36' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Metabolism#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11597, encryptionId=d86d1159e36, topicName=Metabolism)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1a6516392333, createdName=1249859em43(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat Aug 15 07:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1598067, encodeId=2b0b159806ecf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6c6f1e62c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ABO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1762, encryptionId=6c6f1e62c5, topicName=ABO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b6c918580135, createdName=闆锋旦, createdTime=Sat Aug 15 07:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1041543, encodeId=41991041543a0, content=二甲双胍,神药!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Thu Aug 13 19:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1047146, encodeId=a087104e1465d, content=疗效只是效果的众多方面之一,还要看对患者的获益,包括生活质量等因素共同决定效果的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Thu Aug 13 19:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-15 闆锋旦
  9. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896726, encodeId=45eb1896e26bc, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Sat Jul 10 05:48:37 CST 2021, time=2021-07-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1951210, encodeId=92171951210b1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=e6fa981e4df' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#降糖效果#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98174, encryptionId=e6fa981e4df, topicName=降糖效果)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=827b160, 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level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Fri Mar 05 21:48:37 CST 2021, time=2021-03-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1577232, encodeId=d1fe15e723235, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d86d1159e36' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Metabolism#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11597, encryptionId=d86d1159e36, topicName=Metabolism)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1a6516392333, createdName=1249859em43(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sat Aug 15 07:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1598067, encodeId=2b0b159806ecf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6c6f1e62c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ABO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1762, encryptionId=6c6f1e62c5, topicName=ABO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b6c918580135, createdName=闆锋旦, createdTime=Sat Aug 15 07:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1041543, encodeId=41991041543a0, content=二甲双胍,神药!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Thu Aug 13 19:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1047146, encodeId=a087104e1465d, content=疗效只是效果的众多方面之一,还要看对患者的获益,包括生活质量等因素共同决定效果的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Thu Aug 13 19:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-13 misszhang

    二甲双胍,神药!

    0

  10. 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content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6c6f1e62c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ABO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1762, encryptionId=6c6f1e62c5, topicName=ABO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b6c918580135, createdName=闆锋旦, createdTime=Sat Aug 15 07:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1041543, encodeId=41991041543a0, content=二甲双胍,神药!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Thu Aug 13 19:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1047146, encodeId=a087104e1465d, content=疗效只是效果的众多方面之一,还要看对患者的获益,包括生活质量等因素共同决定效果的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=CHANGE, createdTime=Thu Aug 13 19:48:37 CST 2020, time=2020-08-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-13 CHANGE

    疗效只是效果的众多方面之一,还要看对患者的获益,包括生活质量等因素共同决定效果的

    0

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PNAS:肥胖、糖尿病竟“重女轻男”!神经元受损时,女性代谢异常而男性无碍

糖类、脂肪和蛋白质是维持我们生命的主要能量来源,人体对这些物质的摄取和利用是一个复杂又精妙的过程。如果这个过程出现差错,可能会引起体内的代谢失衡,最终可能会发展为肥胖或糖尿病等疾病。

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