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Cancer Cell:新型“液体活检”!非小细胞肺癌诊断准确率高达近90%

2017-08-17 MedSci MedSci原创

液体活检是近年来生物医学行业非常热门的领域之一。本周发表在Cell子刊上的一项研究描述了一种新型的液体活检。这一被称为thromboSeq的检测方法能够以近90%的准确率诊断出非小细胞肺癌。研究人员相信,这一技术已经足够强大到能开始临床试验了。



液体活检是近年来生物医学行业非常热门的领域之一,主要是以患者的体液作为肿瘤活检的样本,捕捉和检测的对象包括体液中的循环肿瘤细胞(Circulating Tumor Cell,CTC)、循环肿瘤DNA(ctDNA)和外泌体(Exosome)。

来自荷兰的研究人员设计了一种不同的液体活检途径:通过检测被循环血小板(circulating platelets)吸收的肿瘤RNA,这一被称为thromboSeq的检测方法能够以近90%的准确率诊断出非小细胞肺癌

血小板是短期存在的血细胞,除了参与凝血,也会响应一系列的炎症事件和癌症。由于血小板细胞没有它们自己的细胞核,因此,所有在血小板中发现的RNA要么来自巨核细胞(这类细胞在骨髓中形成血小板),要么来自血小板在血液中循环时吸收的RNA。未患癌症的人的血小板与癌症患者的血小板(被称为Tumor-Educated Platelets)所含的RNA不同。


图片来源:Cancer Cell

研究人员调查了700多人的血液样本,包括被诊断为晚期非小细胞肺癌的患者、一小组早期癌症患者,以及没有已知癌症的对照组。患有多发性硬化症、慢性胰腺炎和冠状动脉疾病等疾病的患者被纳入在对照组,以确保thromboSeq检测的是癌症特异性RNA,而不是在炎症或疾病中通常遇到的RNA血小板。

研究中,thromboSeq扫描到了在血小板中发现的约5000种不同的RNA分子,不断优化它的RNA基因panel(panel of RNA genes),找到了少数能够预示肿瘤的RNA。然后,研究人员利用这一检测方法对血液样本进行了测试,以确定它诊断癌症的准确性。

结果证实,thromboSeq诊断早期癌症的准确率为81%,诊断晚期癌症的准确率为88%。在一个匹配年龄、吸烟状况和血液存储时间的验证对照组中,该算法的准确率高达91%。(In a validation control group matched for age, smoking status, and blood storage time, the algorithm yielded an accuracy up to 91%.)

Myron Best说:“尽管Tumor-Educated Platelets血液测试目前还没有提供完美的预测,但它可能会成为现有液体活检手段的补充。最终,基于液体活检的癌症检测的目的是在早期阶段检测出所有癌症。ThromboSeq可能不仅可用于肺癌诊断,也有潜力用于其它的肿瘤类型。”他相信,这一技术已经足够强大到能开始临床试验了。

Best和同事们计划利用更多的样本和测试进一步优化他们的算法,同时,他们也希望进一步理Tumor-Educated Platelets背后的生物学机制。

原始出处:

Myron G. Best.  Nik Sol. Sjors G.J.G. In ‘t Veld, et.al. Swarm Intelligence-Enhanced Detection of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Using Tumor-Educated Platelets. Cancer Cell.

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    2018-02-22 维他命
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    2017-08-19 smlt2008

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