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JAMA:新加坡研究人员揭示SARS-CoV-2院内传播途径

2020-03-19 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

随着海外疫情的不断发展,各个国家及地区的医疗设备严重不足。当地时间3月3日,世界卫生组织(WHO)在新闻发布会上呼吁,政府应立即采取措施激励制造商生产加紧医疗设备生产,因为“如果不保护医护

随着海外疫情的不断发展,各个国家及地区的医疗设备严重不足。当地时间3月3日,世界卫生组织(WHO)在新闻发布会上呼吁,政府应立即采取措施激励制造商生产加紧医疗设备生产,因为“如果不保护医护人员,就不可能阻止COVID-19”。不过,在医疗器械紧缺的当下,了解新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)在院内的传播和附着情况,将更有利于保护医护人员免受感染
 
当地时间3月4日,《JAMA》发布了一项由新加坡国家传染病中心和国防科技研究院国家实验室的研究人员带来的报告,为我们了解SARS-CoV-2在院内的传播和遏制提供了参考。该报告揭示了机载感染隔离室内3名COVID-19确诊患者房内样本的检测结果,并提出环境污染可能是病毒传播的重要途径,而定期消毒清洁能够有效抑制病毒传播。
 
 
在1月24日至2月4日这两周时间里,研究人员花了5天时间从3名患者的隔离室内(设有前厅和卫生间,每小时换气12次)采集样本。其中,患者A和患者B均为中度症状患者,除了咳嗽和发热外,一人呼吸急促,另一人咳出了肺部粘液;患者C为轻症患者,仅有咳嗽症状。研究人员在常规清洁前采集了患者C房内的样本,在常规清洁后采集了患者A和患者B房内的样本。
 
与患者疾病和临床周期阈值相关的采样时间点
 
RT-PCR检测结果显示,患者C的15个房内样本中有13个(87%)检测结果呈阳性,显示椅子、床栏、房间的玻璃窗、地板以及电灯开关带有病毒;5个厕所内样本有3个(60%)呈阳性,表明粪便中的病毒脱落可能是潜在传播途径;空气样本的结果呈阴性,但是在排气口采集的样本呈阳性。另外两位患者的所有样本检测结果均呈阴性,这说明常规消毒清洁足以杀死病毒。
 
环境样本和采样人员个人防护设备点的样本以及相应的RT-PCR结果
 
在文章最后,研究人员写到,“SARS-CoV-2患者通过呼吸道飞沫和粪便排出而对环境造成了严重污染,这表明环境是潜在的传播媒介,并支持严格遵守环境和手部卫生的需要。”
 
尽管这项研究存在一些局限性,比如样本量太小、空气置换导致SARS-CoV-2被稀释等,但是它再次提醒我们,除了空气以外,还必须警惕物体表面的病毒附着,同时注意定期清洁消毒,这在医院和住宅区域同样适用。
 
 
原始出处:
Sean Wei Xiang Ong,et al.  Air, Surface Environmental, and Personal Protective Equipment Contamination by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) From a Symptomatic Patient.JAMA. March 4, 2020

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    2020-09-15 hukaixun
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    2020-03-21 小刀医生
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    2020-03-19 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

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