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胃肠道黏膜炎症—5-HT系统:或为FGID治疗新靶点

2014-06-30 张莉亚 整理 医学论坛网

功能性胃肠病(FGID)是指一组具有消化系统症状但缺乏消化道器质性病变或其他证据的疾病,主要包括功能性消化不良(FD)、肠易激综合征(IBS)等。随着人们生活和工作压力越来越大,FGID的患病率明显升高,患者的生活质量、心理状态颇受影响,而医生面对这些患者也常感困惑。FGID的病因和发病机制尚不明确,可能存在多种因素共同作用。在2014胃肠动力和脑肠轴学术研讨会上,上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院陈

功能性胃肠病FGID)是指一组具有消化系统症状但缺乏消化道器质性病变或其他证据的疾病,主要包括功能性消化不良(FD)、肠易激综合征(IBS)等。随着人们生活和工作压力越来越大,FGID的患病率明显升高,患者的生活质量、心理状态颇受影响,而医生面对这些患者也常感困惑。FGID的病因和发病机制尚不明确,可能存在多种因素共同作用。在2014胃肠动力和脑肠轴学术研讨会上,上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院陈胜良教授探讨了胃肠道黏膜炎症—5-羟色胺(5-HT)系统与FGID的关联,为治疗FGID提供了新思路。

讲者:上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院 陈胜良教授

FGID多合并黏膜炎症

陈教授谈道,胃肠道黏膜炎症在FGID临床实践中渐受关注。常见的FGID均伴随黏膜炎症,如FD患者的胃窦和十二指肠黏膜、IBS患者的结肠黏膜均有炎症。谈及黏膜炎症的成因,陈教授以FD为例进行了阐述。他指出,FD存在胃窦和十二指肠运动紊乱,进一步引起食物传输的承纳关系紊乱(如胆汁酸和消化酶排放紊乱、食物与消化酶混合比例紊乱)和胃肠内部理化环境改变(如食物代谢毒性产物增多、病原微生物滋生),从而进一步激发细胞免疫和体液免疫从而导致黏膜炎症。

黏膜炎症与FGID症状存在关联

陈教授提及,咽部、食管、结肠处的黏膜炎症均与症状相关,如咽部症状明显者黏膜胃蛋白酶含量高、胃部症状较重者则常伴有活动性或较重的慢性胃黏膜炎症。值得一提的是,黏膜炎症还是FD症状的归因之一。此外,研究显示,炎症改善和症状改善呈正相关[Clin Med 2012, 125(16): 2878]。

5-HT参与黏膜炎症和FGID症状间的联系

陈教授指出,黏膜炎症与FGID症状间的联系是通过神经递质调控的,其中5-HT发挥了重要作用。

5-HT是参与调节胃肠运动和分泌功能的重要神经递质,其主要源于肠道黏膜层的嗜铬细胞,胃肠道主要有5-HT1、5-HT2、5-HT3、5-HT4、5-HT7受体。肠嗜铬细胞释放5-HT,激活黏膜下传入神经纤维,通过肠固有神经功能系统,调节局部兴奋和抑制。研究显示,5-HT系统异常可导致胃肠动力及分泌功能异常、内脏高敏感性,与FGID症状密切相关。

此外,5-HT代谢及其受体功能状态也与黏膜炎症有关,如激动5-HT3受体促进炎症、激动5-HT4受体抑制炎症。

陈教授最后总结了打破“炎症与FGID症状互为因果”这一循环的几个靶点,包括实现胃肠协调运动、改善腔内消化效率、管控肠道微生态、管控皮层兴奋性以及针对5-HT进行调控等。其中,研究黏膜炎症—5-HT系统为FGID治疗提供了新思路。

(中国医学论坛报记者根据陈胜良教授在第二届胃肠动力和脑肠轴学术研讨会上的报告整理)


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    2014-07-02 lsndxfj
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