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SCI ADV:氨基酸治疗改善非酒精性脂肪肝

2020-12-07 haibei MedSci原创

在NAFLD患者中一直有循环甘氨酸降低的报道,但关于甘氨酸降低的原因、其作为致病因素的作用,及其治疗潜力仍不清楚.

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)是最常见的慢性肝病,影响着全球25%的人口。NAFLD包括一系列肝脏病变,从单纯的肝脂肪变性(HS)、以肝细胞损伤和小叶炎症为特征的非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)以及可能导致肝衰竭或肝细胞癌的肝硬化。非酒精性脂肪肝中常见的心脏代谢合并症包括肥胖、2型糖尿病(T2D)、代谢综合征(MetS)和血脂异常。除了肝脏特异性死亡外,血管疾病也是NAFLD患者,尤其是NASH患者的主要死亡原因。尽管NAFLD在全球范围内造成了负担,并且人们在药物开发方面做出了巨大努力,但迄今为止还没有任何疗法获得批准。

在NAFLD患者中一直有循环甘氨酸降低的报道,但关于甘氨酸降低的原因、其作为致病因素的作用,及其治疗潜力仍不清楚。最近,研究人员对患有NAFLD的人类和小鼠的肝脏进行了转录组学研究,发现甘氨酸生物合成基因受到抑制,主要是丙氨酸-乙醛酸氨基转移酶1(AGXT1)。

遗传(Agxt1-/-小鼠)和限制甘氨酸供应的饮食方法导致饮食诱导的高脂血症和脂肪性肝炎加重。线粒体/过氧体脂肪酸β-氧化(FAO)受抑制和炎症增强是其背后的原因。

研究人员探索了具有双重降脂/降糖特性的甘氨酸类化合物作为非酒精性脂肪肝的潜在疗法,并发现了一种三肽(Gly-Gly-L-Leu,DT-109),在高脂肪、胆固醇和果糖饮食诱导的NASH小鼠模型中,它可以改善身体成分,降低循环葡萄糖、血脂、转氨酶、促炎细胞因子和脂肪性肝炎。

研究人员应用元基因组学、转录组学和代谢组学来探索其潜在机制。细菌属森氏梭菌在NASH小鼠中明显增加,DT-109治疗后减少。DT-109诱导肝脏FAO途径,降低脂毒性,刺激新生谷胱甘肽合成。

反过来,DT-109通过抑制NF-κB靶基因和TGFβ/SMAD信号转导,减弱炎症浸润和肝纤维化。

与其对肠道微生物组的影响不同,DT-109刺激FAO和谷胱甘肽的合成与NASH无关。

总之,甘氨酸代谢受损可能在非酒精性脂肪肝中起诱因作用。以甘氨酸为基础的治疗通过刺激肝脏FAO和谷胱甘肽的合成来减轻实验性NAFLD,因此值得未来进行临床评估。

 

原始出处:

Oren Rom et al. Glycine-based treatment ameliorates NAFLD by modulating fatty acid oxidation, glutathione synthesis, and the gut microbiome. Science Advances (2020). 

 

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    2020-12-08 Jessica

    甘氨酸代谢受损可能在非酒精性脂肪肝中起诱因作用

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