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Hypertension:多学科讨论:用血压水平预测卒中风险已经OUT

2017-09-18 贾朝娟 环球医学

高血压是卒中的一个重要危险因素,但是单一的血压测量可能不足以用于长期卒中风险的预测。不同类型的高血压变化曲线与不同的卒中风险相关。但由于样本量小,目前已有研究未能检验不同的卒中亚型。2017年9月,《Hypertension》的一项研究评估了社区居住成人的长期血压(BP)模式与脑出血和脑梗死风险之间的关联。



高血压卒中的一个重要危险因素,但是单一的血压测量可能不足以用于长期卒中风险的预测。不同类型的高血压变化曲线与不同的卒中风险相关。但由于样本量小,目前已有研究未能检验不同的卒中亚型。2017年9月,《Hypertension》的一项研究评估了社区居住成人的长期血压(BP)模式与脑出血和脑梗死风险之间的关联。请看本期多学科讨论组临床药师各抒己见为您梳理本文看点——

社区居住成人的长期血压(BP)模式与脑出血和脑梗死风险之间的关联未被很好地描述。这项前瞻性研究纳入79385名受试者,在2010及之前(基线)没有卒中、心肌梗死和癌症。采用2006、2008和2010年潜在混合模型数据识别收缩压规律。由3名医生通过评价医学记录证实2010至2014年间出现脑出血和脑梗死的突发病例。研究者在2006至2010年间识别了5种不同的收缩压曲线。根据其BP范围和随时间变化的模式标记了每种曲线:血压正常-稳定型(n=26740)、高血压前期-稳定型(n=5674)、1级高血压-增长型(n=8215)、1级高血压-降低型(n=6422)、2级高血压稳定型(n=2334)。

研究者记录了1034例脑梗死病例和187例脑出血病例。尽管2006~2010年间高血压前期稳定型曲线显示出收缩压范围在正常范围内(120~140 mm Hg),校正可能的混淆因素后,这个组相对于正常血压稳定型(<120 mm Hg)具有较高的卒中风险(脑出血的校正风险比是3.11,脑梗死是1.99;P<0.001)。相对于正常血压稳定型,2级高血压稳定型(175~179 mm Hg)患者具有最高的脑出血风险(校正风险比是12.4)和脑梗死风险(校正风险比是5.07),与血压正常-稳定型相比有统计学差异(脑出血和脑梗死风险P<0.001)。BP变化曲线与卒中风险相关,并且在正常范围内BP上升趋势型仍可能增加卒中风险。

观点:总体上,研究者研究观察到在Kailuan研究受试者中存在着不同BP变化曲线,且与未来的卒中风险相关。监测BP变化曲线可用于鉴别卒中高危人群及预测卒中发生。未来研究需要挖掘BP升高曲线的关键风险因素。需要来自大规模设计较好的随机双盲试验数据进一步证实在脑出血和脑梗死及其亚型的一级预防中的最佳BP管理策略。

多学科讨论纪实:

1、2级高血压稳定型曲线脑卒中的风险最高,尤其是脑出血——与持续SBP <120 mmHg型相比风险高出12倍。此外,脑梗塞和脑出血的风险与收缩压水平成正比。

2、1级高血压增长型相比1级高血压降低型来讲,后者具有较低的卒中风险,尽管前者的基线高血压水平较低,这提示用单一血压值评估卒中风险可能是不足够的。

3、SBP持续在120至140 mmHg之间的患者,脑出血和脑梗塞的风险显着高于SBP始终小于120 mmHg的患者,这与最近的meta分析结果是一致的。

4、研究者还观察到,相对于那些年龄≥60岁者,BP变化曲线与未来卒中风险之间的相关性在年轻人中表现更强。另外还发现,与无糖尿病患者相比,糖尿病患者SBP与卒中风险之间的相关性似乎更弱,提示对于糖尿病患者来讲,其血压目标管理可能与非糖尿病患者不同。

原始出处:

Li W, et al. Blood Pressure Trajectories and the Risk of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Cerebral Infarction: A Prospective Study. Hypertension. 2017 Sep;70(3):508-514. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09479. Epub 2017 Jul 17.

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    2017-09-20 zhouqu_8
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