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NEJM:改善空气质量可促进儿童肺部发育

2015-03-14 MedSci译 MedSci原创

背景:据统计,在过去的几十年里,加利佛尼亚南部空气污染水平逐年下降,因此,空气质量控制达标政策得以实施。我们对日益降低的空气污染水平是否与改善儿童呼吸功能有关进行了评估与调查。方式:作为儿童健康调查调查的一部分,我们选取1994-1998年、1997-2001年、2007-2011年三个时间段分为三个独立时期来进行研究,共调查2120名儿童。在选取的三个时间段内,我们分别从1994、1997、20

背景:
据统计,在过去的几十年里,加利佛尼亚南部空气污染水平逐年下降,因此,空气质量控制达标政策得以实施。我们对日益降低的空气污染水平是否与改善儿童呼吸功能有关进行了评估与调查。

 
  

方式:
作为儿童健康调查调查的一部分,我们选取1994-1998年、1997-2001年、2007-2011年三个时间段分为三个独立时期来进行研究,共调查2120名儿童。在选取的三个时间段内,我们分别从1994、1997、2007三年开始,此时他们平均为11岁,分别至1998、2001、2011这三年,此时他们15岁。我们测量了在这三个时间段中孩子们的1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)和用力肺活量(FVC),并根据FEV1和FVC四年增长量,采用线性回归模型来探究被调查儿童从11岁到15岁肺功能发育情况与空气污染下降水平。

结果
通过对三个时间段跨度13年的调查,我们发现,FEV1和FVC四年增长量与大气中二氧化氮下降水平有关(对FEV1和FVC,P<0.001),空气动力学颗粒物直径小于2.5 μm时,对FEV1,P= 0.008;对FVC,P<0.001;空气动力学颗粒物直径小于10 μm时,对FEV1和FVC,P<0.001,且调整混杂变量后这些结果依旧存在。无论是男孩还是女孩,无论儿童有无哮喘,儿童肺功能都有显著的提高,且临床上15岁儿童出现低1秒用力呼气量的人数和发生率明显降低(FEV1低于预期80%即诊断为低1秒用力呼气量)。

 

结论
通过实验我们得知,坚持空气质量的长期改善可以显著提高儿童的肺功能。因此,为了孩子们肺功能更好,我们应努力让他们呼吸更好的空气。

MedSci小编评价:如果在中国研究呢,是不是应该反过来,观察三个不同时段儿童肺功能变化趋势,能否证实,随着时间推移,中国儿童肺功能发育逐步变差?

原始文献:
Gauderman WJ, Urman R, Avol E, Berhane K, McConnell R, Rappaport E, Chang R, Lurmann F, Gilliland F.Association of improved air quality with lung development in children. N Engl J Med. 2015 Mar 5;372(10):905-13

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18594, encodeId=44da18594b6, content=wwjx真是牛,感性帝万岁, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=156, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=wangyijiehope, createdTime=Sat Mar 21 13:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18461, encodeId=6e2f18461f8, content=空气污染与肺功能差应该是个常识,为什么会有人进行研究? <br> 儿童的肺功能随生长发育逐步提高是必然,与空气质量好坏直接未必相关;假如换成一批老年人,即便空气质量改善了,肺功能只怕还是老样子或者还差,作者还能解释么?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=160, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36431584645, createdName=wwjxx, createdTime=Wed Mar 18 16:32:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1347042, encodeId=a83d134e04205, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88713e938c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37938, encryptionId=88713e938c1, topicName=发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f4c124, createdName=neurowu, createdTime=Mon Mar 16 14:59:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18342, encodeId=cbd718342c7, content=好文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5dd21607321, createdName=daniustone, createdTime=Sun Mar 15 12:22:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18336, encodeId=2c8e18336c4, content=如果在中国呢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=150, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=96871613250, createdName=medcardio, createdTime=Sun Mar 15 11:06:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-03-21 wangyijiehope

    wwjx真是牛,感性帝万岁

    0

  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18594, encodeId=44da18594b6, content=wwjx真是牛,感性帝万岁, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=156, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=wangyijiehope, createdTime=Sat Mar 21 13:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18461, encodeId=6e2f18461f8, content=空气污染与肺功能差应该是个常识,为什么会有人进行研究? <br> 儿童的肺功能随生长发育逐步提高是必然,与空气质量好坏直接未必相关;假如换成一批老年人,即便空气质量改善了,肺功能只怕还是老样子或者还差,作者还能解释么?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=160, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36431584645, createdName=wwjxx, createdTime=Wed Mar 18 16:32:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1347042, encodeId=a83d134e04205, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88713e938c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37938, encryptionId=88713e938c1, topicName=发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f4c124, createdName=neurowu, createdTime=Mon Mar 16 14:59:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18342, encodeId=cbd718342c7, content=好文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5dd21607321, createdName=daniustone, createdTime=Sun Mar 15 12:22:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18336, encodeId=2c8e18336c4, content=如果在中国呢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=150, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=96871613250, createdName=medcardio, createdTime=Sun Mar 15 11:06:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-03-18 wwjxx

    空气污染与肺功能差应该是个常识,为什么会有人进行研究?
    儿童的肺功能随生长发育逐步提高是必然,与空气质量好坏直接未必相关;假如换成一批老年人,即便空气质量改善了,肺功能只怕还是老样子或者还差,作者还能解释么?

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18594, encodeId=44da18594b6, content=wwjx真是牛,感性帝万岁, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=156, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=wangyijiehope, createdTime=Sat Mar 21 13:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18461, encodeId=6e2f18461f8, content=空气污染与肺功能差应该是个常识,为什么会有人进行研究? <br> 儿童的肺功能随生长发育逐步提高是必然,与空气质量好坏直接未必相关;假如换成一批老年人,即便空气质量改善了,肺功能只怕还是老样子或者还差,作者还能解释么?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=160, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36431584645, createdName=wwjxx, createdTime=Wed Mar 18 16:32:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1347042, encodeId=a83d134e04205, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88713e938c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37938, encryptionId=88713e938c1, topicName=发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f4c124, createdName=neurowu, createdTime=Mon Mar 16 14:59:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18342, encodeId=cbd718342c7, content=好文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5dd21607321, createdName=daniustone, createdTime=Sun Mar 15 12:22:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18336, encodeId=2c8e18336c4, content=如果在中国呢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=150, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=96871613250, createdName=medcardio, createdTime=Sun Mar 15 11:06:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-03-16 neurowu
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18594, encodeId=44da18594b6, content=wwjx真是牛,感性帝万岁, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=156, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=wangyijiehope, createdTime=Sat Mar 21 13:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18461, encodeId=6e2f18461f8, content=空气污染与肺功能差应该是个常识,为什么会有人进行研究? <br> 儿童的肺功能随生长发育逐步提高是必然,与空气质量好坏直接未必相关;假如换成一批老年人,即便空气质量改善了,肺功能只怕还是老样子或者还差,作者还能解释么?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=160, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36431584645, createdName=wwjxx, createdTime=Wed Mar 18 16:32:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1347042, encodeId=a83d134e04205, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88713e938c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37938, encryptionId=88713e938c1, topicName=发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f4c124, createdName=neurowu, createdTime=Mon Mar 16 14:59:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18342, encodeId=cbd718342c7, content=好文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5dd21607321, createdName=daniustone, createdTime=Sun Mar 15 12:22:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18336, encodeId=2c8e18336c4, content=如果在中国呢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=150, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=96871613250, createdName=medcardio, createdTime=Sun Mar 15 11:06:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-03-15 daniustone

    好文章

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18594, encodeId=44da18594b6, content=wwjx真是牛,感性帝万岁, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=156, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=wangyijiehope, createdTime=Sat Mar 21 13:39:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18461, encodeId=6e2f18461f8, content=空气污染与肺功能差应该是个常识,为什么会有人进行研究? <br> 儿童的肺功能随生长发育逐步提高是必然,与空气质量好坏直接未必相关;假如换成一批老年人,即便空气质量改善了,肺功能只怕还是老样子或者还差,作者还能解释么?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=160, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=36431584645, createdName=wwjxx, createdTime=Wed Mar 18 16:32:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1347042, encodeId=a83d134e04205, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88713e938c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发育#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37938, encryptionId=88713e938c1, topicName=发育)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f4c124, createdName=neurowu, createdTime=Mon Mar 16 14:59:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18342, encodeId=cbd718342c7, content=好文章, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=115, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5dd21607321, createdName=daniustone, createdTime=Sun Mar 15 12:22:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=18336, encodeId=2c8e18336c4, content=如果在中国呢, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=150, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=96871613250, createdName=medcardio, createdTime=Sun Mar 15 11:06:00 CST 2015, time=2015-03-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2015-03-15 medcardio

    如果在中国呢

    0

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