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Nature论文详解:发现全新亮氨酸受体蛋白SAR1B,通过mTORC1调控肺癌发生

2021-10-18 生物世界微信号 生物世界微信号

mTORC1激活的过程可能有助于肿瘤的发生,它通常在氨基酸充足时被激活,通过促进合成代谢并抑制分解代谢来促进细胞生长。

mTOR全称为哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶点(mammalian target of rapamycin mTOR),在细胞生命活动和代谢调控中具有重要地位,mTOR信号通路与许多人类疾病,如糖尿病、肿瘤、神经退行性疾病、免疫和衰老有着密切的关联。mTOR在细胞内存在mTORC1mTORC2两种不同的复合体,而mTORC2组分在小鼠中的缺失容易引起早期的致死性,使mTORC2的研究变得复杂,因此目前对mTORC1的结构和功能研究较多。

mTORC1激活的过程可能有助于肿瘤的发生,它通常在氨基酸充足时被激活,通过促进合成代谢并抑制分解代谢来促进细胞生长。蛋白复合体GATOR2可以向mTORC1传递氨基酸信号,并在氨基酸充足时激活mTORC1。目前已知有两种氨基酸受体可以通过与GATOR2互作来调节mTORC1信号,它们是亮氨酸受体Sestrin2和精氨酸受体CASTOR1

2021721日,北京大学未来技术学院分子医学研究所、北大-清华生命科学联合中心、北京未来基因诊断高精尖创新中心刘颖课题组在 Nature 在线发表了题为:SAR1B senses leucine levels to regulate mTORC1 signalling 的研究论文。

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该研究报道了一种全新的亮氨酸受体蛋白SAR1BmTORC1的调控机制,并发现SAR1B-mTORC1信号在人类非小细胞肺癌中发挥潜在作用。

研究思路及结果展示

SAR1B控制亮氨酸依赖的mTORC1信号

研究人员试图寻找更多将氨基酸信号传递给mTORC1的上游调控因子,并发现一个参与囊泡形成的小G蛋白酶——SAR1B在氨基酸缺乏时可以与GATOR2结合,敲低SAR1B导致mTORC1对氨基酸缺乏不敏感从而持续保持活性,且SAR1B的缺乏特异地影响亮氨酸对mTORC1的调节,而对其它氨基酸没有影响,这说明SAR1B可能是一种亮氨酸受体。另外,损伤的SAR1B不能结合GATOR2,也不会抑制mTORC1的信号(1c1d),SAR1BGATOR2之间依赖于亮氨酸的相互作用对于SAR1BmTORC1的调控至关重要。在缺乏亮氨酸的情况下SAR1B存在会抑制mTORC1信号(1a),SAR1BGATOR2的互作对亮氨酸敏感(1b)。

通过免疫共沉淀以及体外实验等研究蛋白及各组分之间的互作,研究人员得出结论:当亮氨酸缺乏时,SAR1B结合并抑制mTORC1激活因子GATOR2复合物,使mTORC1失活,合成代谢停滞;当亮氨酸充足时,SAR1B与亮氨酸结合,发生构象变化,与GATOR2解离,激活mTORC1,启动合成代谢。并绘制了亮氨酸信号调控的SAR1B-GATOR2互作和mTORC1信号的模式图(1e)。

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1SAR1B感知细胞内亮氨酸水平并通过GATOR2来调节mTORC1信号

SAR1BSestrin2在亮氨酸感知上具有差异性

上述实验表明SAR1BSestrin2可能同时作为亮氨酸感受器,但二者在作用方式上不同,研究人员对SAR1B和已报道的Sestrin2进行了比较,并阐述了不同之处。

1)它们结合在GATOR2的不同亚基上。SAR1B结合Mios亚基,Sestrin2结合Seh1L亚基(2d)。

2)它们与亮氨酸结合的亲和力不同,SAR1BSestrin2对亮氨酸有更高的亲和力。SAR1B能够感知到更低浓度的亮氨酸,而Sestrin2感知相对高浓度的亮氨酸(2d)。

3)它们识别亮氨酸不同的结构特征。SAR1B识别亮氨酸的氨基和侧链,能够容忍羧基修饰。而Sestrin2识别亮氨酸的氨基和羧基,能够一定程度上容忍侧链修饰(2ab)。

4)两个受体蛋白存在组织分布差异性,且在肌肉中,两个受体协同调控mTORC12c)。

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2SAR1BSestrin2的差异及二者协同调控mTORC1信号模式图

SAR1B在人类非小细胞肺癌中发挥潜在的抑制作用

人肺鳞状细胞癌和肺腺癌中SAR1B突变数量和突变频率的统计数据显示,SAR1B在人肺鳞状细胞癌和肺腺癌中常常是缺失的,另外,同时沉默两种人肺成纤维细胞(IMR-90HFL1)中的SAR1B及其同源蛋白SAR1A,消除了亮氨酸敏感性,并结构性地激活了mTORC1

于是研究人员提出SAR1B-mTORC1信号可能在人类非小细胞肺癌中发挥潜在作用,并随后建立了皮下异种移植肿瘤模型(3a)和原位异种移植肿瘤模型(3c)证明该假设。研究发现:缺乏SAR1ASAR1B促进皮下肿瘤生长(3b),同时促进小鼠肺内肿瘤生长(3d),另外代表性的免疫组化图像显示缺乏SAR1ASAR1B可以促进肿瘤中的代谢重编程(3e),促进肿瘤的生长增殖。以上实验结果表明SAR1B可能在人类非小细胞肺癌中发挥潜在抑制作用。

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3SAR1B在肺癌中是潜在的肿瘤抑制子

综上所述,该研究发现了一个全新的亮氨酸受体蛋白SAR1B,并解析了其感应亮氨酸并通过GATOR2调控mTORC1信号的分子机制。通过生物信息学分析和建立裸鼠原位瘤模型,研究人员证明了SAR1B是一个潜在的人类非小细胞肺癌抑癌因子,有希望成为非小细胞肺癌的新型生物标志物,为非小细胞肺癌的治疗提供新的药物靶标。

参考文献:

1. Robert A. Saxton, David M. Sabatini.. mTOR Signaling in Growth, Metabolism, and Disease. Cell 168, 960-976 (2017)

2. Bar-Peled, L. et al. A Tumor suppressor complex with GAP activity for the Rag GTPasesthat signal amino acid sufficiency to mTORC1. Science 340, 1100–1106 (2013)

3. Wolfson, R. L. et al. Sestrin2 is a leucine sensor for the mTORC1 pathway. Science 351,43–48 (2016)

4. Zanetti, G., Pahuja, K. B., Studer, S., Shim, S. & Schekman, R.. COPII and the regulation of protein sorting in mammals. Nat. Cell Biol. 14, 20–28 (2012)

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    2022-06-23 showtest
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    2021-12-11 liye789132251
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    2021-10-20 雕雕
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1948878, encodeId=4f4d19488e81d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a4ee8862475' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#蛋白S#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88624, encryptionId=a4ee8862475, topicName=蛋白S)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f0715, createdName=showtest, createdTime=Thu Jun 23 08:28:06 CST 2022, time=2022-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885458, encodeId=47521885458d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Dec 11 18:28:06 CST 2021, time=2021-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1985148, encodeId=c5db198514861, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=057a24583f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#亮氨酸#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=24583, encryptionId=057a24583f9, topicName=亮氨酸)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKQHWdlyPWPmuHjfEXicudmC0dJ6SN5PHzglbDHibXpT1VXF2fKDnTzl2Eib4Pf94p58cnSKA3ZfGdFQ/132, createdBy=c44f2500101, createdName=ms2694732865965676, createdTime=Thu Sep 22 22:28:06 CST 2022, time=2022-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1418409, encodeId=04b21418409e8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2cc91232947' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#mTORC1#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12329, encryptionId=2cc91232947, topicName=mTORC1)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=59413348493, createdName=雕雕, createdTime=Wed Oct 20 05:28:06 CST 2021, time=2021-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1061498, encodeId=32081061498b9, content=牛了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210831/2e60a2bd70154300ac1416500dbf3fc1/3c3f16c7d1b041e1949b3b2e51fedb23.jpg, createdBy=b2031985167, createdName=faily147, createdTime=Mon Oct 18 15:41:50 CST 2021, time=2021-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1061487, encodeId=0c44106148e38, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e462271105, createdName=shiyanqing, createdTime=Mon Oct 18 15:26:40 CST 2021, time=2021-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-10-18 faily147

    牛了!

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1948878, encodeId=4f4d19488e81d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a4ee8862475' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#蛋白S#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=95, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=88624, encryptionId=a4ee8862475, topicName=蛋白S)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f0715, createdName=showtest, createdTime=Thu Jun 23 08:28:06 CST 2022, time=2022-06-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885458, encodeId=47521885458d7, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Sat Dec 11 18:28:06 CST 2021, time=2021-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1985148, encodeId=c5db198514861, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=057a24583f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#亮氨酸#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=24583, encryptionId=057a24583f9, topicName=亮氨酸)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTKQHWdlyPWPmuHjfEXicudmC0dJ6SN5PHzglbDHibXpT1VXF2fKDnTzl2Eib4Pf94p58cnSKA3ZfGdFQ/132, createdBy=c44f2500101, createdName=ms2694732865965676, createdTime=Thu Sep 22 22:28:06 CST 2022, time=2022-09-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1418409, encodeId=04b21418409e8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2cc91232947' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#mTORC1#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=79, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12329, encryptionId=2cc91232947, topicName=mTORC1)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=59413348493, createdName=雕雕, createdTime=Wed Oct 20 05:28:06 CST 2021, time=2021-10-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1061498, encodeId=32081061498b9, content=牛了!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=101, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210831/2e60a2bd70154300ac1416500dbf3fc1/3c3f16c7d1b041e1949b3b2e51fedb23.jpg, createdBy=b2031985167, createdName=faily147, createdTime=Mon Oct 18 15:41:50 CST 2021, time=2021-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1061487, encodeId=0c44106148e38, content=好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7e462271105, createdName=shiyanqing, createdTime=Mon Oct 18 15:26:40 CST 2021, time=2021-10-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-10-18 shiyanqing

    0

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