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自然指数创新特刊:哪些学术机构的论文对第三方专利影响很大

2017-08-11 Nature自然科研 Nature自然科研

本周出版的《自然》增刊“2017自然指数-创新”,调查了科研论文在第三方所持有的专利中的引用情况,为理解学术研究对创新的影响这一问题带来了新思路。

本周出版的《自然》增刊“2017自然指数-创新”,调查了科研论文在第三方所持有的专利中的引用情况,为理解学术研究对创新的影响这一问题带来了新思路。

着眼于第三方而非学术机构所持有的、受到学术成果启发并引用了学术成果的专利,增刊揭示了学术研究对产品和服务开发的影响。

增刊的机构排名表包括了一些重要的学术机构,他们的研究可能会影响到未来的发明创造。居于该排名表前列的,既有以高质量的科研而蜚声全球的机构,也有发表的科研成果相对不多,但颇具影响力的机构。

根据Lens开发的指标进行的排名显示,美国圣迭戈的斯克里普斯研究所(Scripps Research Institute )和美国纽约的洛克菲勒大学位居前两位。紧随其后的是麻省理工学院(第3位)、马萨诸塞大学医学院(第4位)和德克萨斯大学西南医学中心(第5位)。以色列的魏茨曼科学研究所(Weizmann Institute of Science ),位列第六,是前十名中唯一的非美国学术机构,排在其后的还是三家重量级美国科研机构:美国国立卫生研究院(第7位),加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校(第8位)和斯坦福大学(第9位)。西奈山伊坎医学院(Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai)位居第十。

按照Lens的指标,排名前50的学术机构中,有38所来自美国。在其他国家中,位列所在国第一的机构包括斯特拉斯堡大学(第16位,法国)、日内瓦大学(第21位,瑞士)、汉阳大学(第23位,韩国)、邓迪大学(第26位,英国)和卡罗琳学院(第38位,瑞典)。日本的大阪大学(第31位)和日本理化学研究所(第39位)也跻身前50名。

根据Lens的指标,位居中国第一的机构是香港科技大学(第118位),排在其后的还有13家中国机构,均在前200位之列。“增加科研论文在专利中的引用需要许多年的积累。中国高质量的科研成果是近十年来才出现大幅增长,因此还没有对第三方专利中的引用量产生很大的影响。” 自然指数创始人David Swinbanks对此评论说。

不过,中国学术机构的专利产出表现十分优秀,对涵盖各专利局的所有专利族的标准化计算显示,有18家中国机构居于全球20强,其中东南大学位居第一。但是WIPO(世界知识产权组织)专利族的标准化计算则显示,仅有两家中国机构,即清华大学(第33位)和香港科技大学(第49位)位列全球50强,这也印证了中国机构往往在本地申请专利,而非通过WIPO申请国际专利这个事实,尽管目前全球大多数的专利都来自中国。

David Swinbanks说:“我们这个分析来得恰逢其时,当前政府和科研资助机构越来越关注科学知识转向产业和经济应用的情况,因为对他们而言,如何证明公共资金资助的科研被有效用于增进社会福祉是极为重要的。此次聚焦创新的增刊是自然指数一系列举措的一部分 —— 我们携手Lens和Clarivate Analytics(科睿唯安)等合作伙伴,利用他们富有深刻意义的数据,来探究科技出版的新趋势,以及科技出版与学术界之外其他行业间的互动关系。”

Lens创始人Richard Jefferson说:“通过将已发表的研究与专利联系起来这一有益于全球社会的开放式举措,我们就能够描绘出纯理论的科研如何对创新系统产生影响,并发挥其作用。这是绘制出“创新地图”的第一步——让借助科学和技术来解决问题的复杂过程(STEPS)变得更透明。这将有助于科学家、发明家、企业和政策制定者在选择合作伙伴,以及寻找途径以新的产品、服务和业务服务社会时,做出更好的、有所依据的决策。”

标准化的Lens影响力指标(Normalized Lens Influence Metric),通过计算科研论文在第三方而非机构自己所持有的专利中的引用量,为衡量机构的科研活动对创新的影响提供了一个尺度。根据该指标生成的机构200强都是以下至少一种机构排名的前100名,即自然指数、世界大学学术排名(ARWU)、Thomson Innovation或Leiden Ranking。

另外,基于Lens指标的200强机构排名还提供了这些机构的自然指数表现。并且,自然指数数据还首次经过标准化,与机构在自然科学领域总的科研产出,即机构在科睿唯安Web of Science数据库中所显示的科研论文数量进行了对照。这为对比机构在自然指数中的科研产出情况与自身科研能力提供了一个衡量方法,并接着可与标准化的Lens影响力指标进行对比,因为该指标也类似地考虑到机构的科研规模。

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