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Nat Med:新型标志物或提早16年检出阿尔茨海默症

2019-01-30 顾然 生物探索

1月21日发表在《Nature Medicine》杂志上的一项研究显示,在阿尔茨海默症患者出现症状的16年前,他们血液和脊髓液中一种叫做神经丝光链(neurolight chain, NfL)蛋白质的水平就会升高。NfL是神经元细胞骨架的一部分,此前曾被认为与小鼠脑损伤有关,可作为非侵入性追踪疾病进展的生物标志物。

1月21日发表在《Nature Medicine》杂志上的一项研究显示,在阿尔茨海默症患者出现症状的16年前,他们血液和脊髓液中一种叫做神经丝光链(neurolight chain, NfL)蛋白质的水平就会升高。NfL是神经元细胞骨架的一部分,此前曾被认为与小鼠脑损伤有关,可作为非侵入性追踪疾病进展的生物标志物。

目前仍无法有效治疗阿尔茨海默症,一定程度上是因为症状出现时,患者的神经元已经死亡。为了开发更好的治疗方法,研究人员需要更可靠的方法,以在症状出现之前来监测及预测疾病的进程。从这一点来说,血液检测比昂贵的脑部扫描更适合常规临床应用。

在最新的这项研究中,美国华盛顿大学放射学助理教授Brian Gordon及合作团队检测了近250名携带阿尔茨海默氏症风险等位基因的人以及近160名没有携带这种变异的亲属。他们发现,那些有患病风险的人在发病早期蛋白质水平较高,血液和脊髓液中的NfL水平在患者开始出现神经退行性病变之前就已经开始上升,比发病早了16年多。

通过更密切地检查一部分患者,研究小组发现,NfL的增长速度与大脑中一个叫做楔前叶的区域的萎缩有关,并且NfL水平快速上升的患者在认知测试中的表现更差。

这也意味着,NfL血液水平的变化可以预测脑损伤和疾病的发展和进程。

而阿尔茨海默氏症协会的研究负责人James Pickett却泼了一盆冷水。他提出,在这项研究中,接受检查的患者携带的阿尔茨海默氏症相关突变仅影响约1%的神经退行性疾病患者,因此必须在更广泛的患者群体中验证该方法。

“我们在阿尔茨海默氏症患者身上进行了验证,因为我们知道他们的大脑经历了大量神经退行性病变。但是NfL并不是阿尔茨海默氏症特有的,在其他神经退行性疾病也有,”Gordon自信地说道,“我可以预见,在未来几年里,这项检测将应用于临床以识别个别患者脑损伤的迹象。”

同日,发表在《Brain》杂志上的一篇研究中,来自韩国首尔国立大学(Seoul National University)的研究小组揭示了另一种阿尔茨海默氏症血液检测方法,其重点是研究已知与阿尔茨海默症有关的tau蛋白和淀粉样蛋白。

研究结果指出,tau蛋白和淀粉样蛋白的血液水平,与大脑中tau蛋白的累积量以及海马体积等神经退行性变的其他标志物有关。

原始出处:Oliver Preische, Stephanie A. Schultz, et al. Serum neurofilament dynamics predicts neurodegeneration and clinical progression in presymptomatic Alzheimer’s disease. Nat Med. 21 January 2019

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    2020-01-07 liye789132251
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